Term
| Jack Gibb (Gibb Categories) |
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Definition
| was able to isolate six stages of defense-arousing communication and six contrasting behaviors that lessen the level of threat and defensiveness by conveying face-honoring relational messages of respect. |
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| decreases our ability to perceive others accurately. suggests guarding oneself from attack. |
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Definition
| -individuals feel threatened or anxious in communication, outwardly conversation may appear normal but the communicators are putting mental energy into defending him or herself, as we become more defensive we become less and less able to perceive accurately, often sense a critical, judgmental attitude. |
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Definition
| sharing, understanding, communication is clear, information is accurate and freely shared, nonjudgmental, assumptions not made, opinions accepted, encouragement of goals, blame is minimized, accepting, empathetic. |
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| Evaluation Vs. Description |
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Definition
Evaluation: engages in judgmental accusatory language, "You" language
Description: arouses minimum uneasiness, "I" language, using non evaluative language. |
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Term
| Control vs. Problem Orientation |
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Definition
Control: Manipulative, speaker may view listener as ignorant, limit choices.
Problem Orientation: Language that is not persuasive, controlling seeks collaboration, sender engages in language that seeks understanding. |
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Definition
Strategy: implies hidden motives, manipulating, hidden agenda.
Spontaneity: straight forward, direct, and honest, no excuses. |
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Definition
Neutrality: speaker indicated lack of concern or welfare, little warmth, rejection
Empathy: Empathy is thinking and feeling what you perceive, speaker identifies with listener's problems |
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Definition
Superiority: Person puts oneself above others
Equality: recognize whatever differences in our abilities, respect. |
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Term
| Certainty vs. Provisionalism. |
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Definition
Certainty: dogmatic, close minded, single minded, unwilling to compromise, needs to be right.
Provisionalism: listening with an open mind, openness to new possibilities |
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Definition
| be effective, get what you want, enhance relationship. |
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Term
| Computer Mediated Communication (Deborah Tannon's thoughts on it) |
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Definition
| Deborah had a friendship with a man at her work over email because he was too shy to talk in person. It helps to build relationships. |
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Term
| Transactional Model of Communication |
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Definition
| Updates and expands the linear model to better capture communication as a uniquely human process. Noise, encode, decode, environment, SRA, channels, Unique, with someone, simultaneous communication, 2 dimensions |
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Term
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Definition
Distractions that disrupt transitions.
External Noise: loud music or too much cigarette smoke.
Physiological Noise: involves biological factors that interfere with accurate reception: illness, fatigue
Psychological Noise: forces within that interfere with the ability to understand a message accurately |
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Definition
Encode: send message
Decode: figure it out |
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Definition
| fields of experience that affect how they understand others' behavior. |
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| the medium through which the message passes to a receiver. |
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content: words
Relational: how it is said |
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Definition
1. a description of he behavior noticed
2. at least two possible interpretations of the behavior
3. a request for clarification about how to interpret the behavior. |
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Definition
| non-verbal concept, how things are being said (tone, pitch). |
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| you get what you want (effective), you build the relationship (appropriate) |
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Definition
| You find out who you are when people tell you |
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| Monitor your presenting image and how you communicate |
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Definition
1. Self-imposed: you tell yourself your awesome.
2. Other-imposed: someone tells you your going to fail, you will probably fail. |
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Definition
| relatively stable sot of perceptions you hold for yourself, difficult to change effects your self esteem |
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Definition
| tendency to seek and attend to information that is the same as we already see. If you treat yourself poorly you seek out people who treat you poorly |
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Definition
| your perception of people's judgments about you |
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Term
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Definition
| gets its name from the face that a problem has four sides and a middle, just like a pillow. I'm right you're wrong, Both right both wrong, you're right i'm wrong, the issue isn't important, there's truth in all perspectives. |
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Definition
| ability to see multiples views of everything, people, places, and things. |
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| putting yourself in someone's shoes, you have to care for the other person (genuine concern) you do not have to agree with them |
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Definition
1. Describe behavior
2. Two interpretations
3. Request clarification |
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| Common Tendencies in Perception |
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Definition
| We judge ourselves more charitably than others, we cling to first impressions, We assume that others are similar to us, we are influenced by the obvious. |
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Definition
| occurs between and among people as they influence one anothers perceptions and try to achieve a shared perspective. |
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Definition
| the determination of causes and effects in a series of interactions |
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| Gender Roles in Communication |
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Definition
| there are segments of perception on how men and women are: Androgynous:combining masculine and feminine traits Undifferentiated: neither masculine nor feminine |
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Term
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Definition
| detract from effective functioning... when people become angry they generally speak less, which means that their needs aren't met; and when they do manage to speak up, they are less effective at communicating than their confident counterparts |
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Term
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Definition
Perfection: believe that a worthwhile communicator should be able to handle every situation with complete confidence and skill
Approval: based on the idea that it is not only desirable but also vital to get approval of every person.
Shoulds: inability to distinguish between what is and what should be.
Overgeneralization:when we base a belief on a limited amount of evidence or when we exaggerate shortcomings
Causation: irrational belief that emotions are caused by others rather than by one's own self-talk.
Helplessness: suggests that satisfaction in life is determined by forces beyond your control
Catastrophic Expectations: if something bad can possibly happen it will. |
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Definition
| there is a what for both people to get what they want, win/win |
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| you don't get what you want, you give up what you want to make others happy "lose/win" |
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| each person gives up part of what they want to work with each other. partial lose/lose |
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| how people feel valued in the relationship |
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Definition
| determines your feelings- the running dialogue you have in your head mostly negative |
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| when you use the word is to describe someone so people think they are always like that "She is annoying" |
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| you describe something but it actually announces your feeling toward it |
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Definition
| match communicative behavior to those of other people- DG symbol |
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Definition
1. Other persons behavior
2. Your interpretations
3. Your feelings
4. Consequences their behavior has for you. |
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Definition
Edward T. Hall
- intimate distance- skin contact-18 inches first zone,making love, caressing, comforting, protecting
-personal distance- 18inches-4 feet, couples in public
-social distance-four-twelve feet, business communication
-public distance- twelve feet- infinity |
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Definition
| Communicators emotions. You can tell hoe others feel, use it to control our identity. |
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Definition
| using silences and brief statements of encouragement to draw others out. it can help others clarify their thoughts and feelings. |
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Definition
| called "the most popular piece of language" Asking for information can help both the person doing the asking and the one providing answers |
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Term
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Definition
| active listening: restating in your own words the message you thought the speaker just send, without adding anything new. |
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Definition
| reveals a listener's solidarity with the speaker's situation |
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Definition
| the listener offers an interpretation of a speaker's message. |
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| to help by offering a solution, can be helpful as long as it's given in a respectful, caring way. |
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Definition
| response evaluates the sender's thoughts or behaviors in some way. |
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Term
| Mindless/Mindful Listening |
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Definition
Mindless: occurs when we react to others' messages automatically and routinely, without much mental investments.
Mindful:involves giving careful and thoughtful attention and responses to the messages we receive. |
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Definition
| reward and cost, rewards-cost=outcome |
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Definition
| you want things to stay the same but you want it to change- you and your partner are usually never in the same spot. etc. |
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Definition
| conflicts that arise when two opposing or incompatible forces exist simultaneously. |
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Term
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Definition
| to describe messages that people exchange, verbally or non verbally about their relationship. |
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Definition
| the process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and would not normally be known by others. |
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