Term
|
Definition
| Media effects theory stating that a passive audience is injected with a message and it becomes a part of them. This model emerged from propaganda research and is now considered obsolete |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Media effects stating that people learn new behavior through observation and reinforcement. Here, the audience is relatively passive, and absorbs the message that is being delivered by the media. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Media effects theory stating that people observe media and see it as a direct representation of reality. Relates to 'Mean World Syndrome", creating people who have a skewed view of reality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Media effects theory stating that people use the media to reinforce their previously held beliefs. People selective listen and ignore information depending on whether it is aligned with their beliefs or not. |
|
|
Term
| Uses and Gratifications Model |
|
Definition
| Media effects model stating that people use the media for various reasons to accomplish their personal goals. Here the question is not what media does to people, but how people use the media. Information, personal identity, Integration and interaction, and entertainment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Media effects theory states that minority perspectives will be driven further into the fringes due to fear of isolation and ridicule. The majority opinion will be dominant and force those who oppose this view to remain silent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Media effects theory stating that the media determines what people see as an important issue at a certain time. This theory does not state that the media tells us how to think, but rather it tells us what to think about |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wayne Booth defined rhetoric as effective communication that minimizes misunderstandings. Booth argues that good rhetoric increases quality of life, good rhetoric is ethical, and good rhetoric is the path to truth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Honest: Championing a good cause and doing everything in your power to win.
Dishonest with just cause: Being deceptive and dishonest in order to champion a good cause.
Dishonest with intentions to harm: Unethical rhetoric that attempts to convince someone to do something that will be harmful or undesirable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dialogic:Win-win situation in which both sides benefit from the agreement
Compromise with evil: Appeasing to a force that you know to be evil
Poor at bargaining: you lack the necessary skill to put forward your own opinion and beliefs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rhetrology: A deep probing in an attempt to find a middle ground and reach a solution to the issue
Listen to dogmatist: Listening to someone who is extremely closed minded in hopes that they will eventually open up
Listening to outsmart: Listening to the other position so that we can manipulate them at a later time
Self-Censorship: Giving in to what other people think or want you to say in order to not cause issues.
Total commitment to listening: No matter what the circumstances are, you are likely to continue listening and trying to find the truth |
|
|
Term
| Recasting the American Dream |
|
Definition
| Obama was able to take back the narrative that defined the American Dream. Shift from individual perspective to social values and collective action. Idea of political romance allows all of us to become superior simply through our hard work. Good rhetoric gave liberals a victory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Act: The agent's most important action
Agent: Main character
Agency: How is the action performed
Scene: Setting and context
Purpose:What is trying to be achieved by the agent through his actions? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People will only be freed from the control of the medium after they understand that the medium is the message. Study of media as mediums. Effect of message is rather limited, and the medium becomes the primary component of communciation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not Mcluhan's idea, but states that the medium is completely in control and we are slaves to the medium and there is nothing we can do about it. Mcluhan gives the medium some power, but says we can overcome it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Model by Hallin defines three main spheres: sphere of consensus, sphere of legitimate controversy, and sphere of deviance. Spheres are arbitrarily decided by people in power leading to the silencing of minority opinions. Decisions are often made unconsciously leading to bad decisions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rosen sees new media as overcoming the audience atomization problem and bringing together minority views to the sphere of legitimatie controversy. Hallin thinks that new media fragments audiences and simply reinforces already-held beliefs. Rosen and Hallin disagree in their thinking of journalists and people as getting closer to democracy |
|
|
Term
| McChesney Political Economy Theory |
|
Definition
| Media system has been created with private economic goals in mind, and public good is ignored in favor of corporations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Main issue is that media if profit-driven, yet it should serve as an educator of citizens. There are clear economic ramifications for media policy that typically benefit the ruling class. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Profit-driven is the American Way: it has not always been this way, and freedom of speech was intended for the general public, not for giant corporations.
2. Ascendance of professional journalistic influence: Journalists are at the hands of their wealthy owners who set the agenda of the publications.
3.Consumer sovereignty: Media system is not a representation of what people want, rather it gives people what will provide a maximum profit
4.Internet will set us free: Ultimately the impact of the Internet will be determined by media policy and who has control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Effective manipulation of the press by the administration to sell the war to the American public. By utilizing mostly authoritative sources, war was pushed into the sphere of consensus extremely quickly, and anyone who disagreed was crazy. If you relied on authoritative sources, you got the story wrong in this case. |
|
|
Term
Buying the War
-PET
-Spiral of Silence
-Hallin Model
-Agenda-Setting Theory |
|
Definition
| The techniques used by the administration can be analyzed under all of those perspectives. Thing in common is that group in power was able to manipulate the press into publishing and buying a story that was not legitimate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shift to research that attempts to deal with the media as a producer of culture and shaping the world in which we live in. Emphasis on active audience that acts as meaning makers and even producers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Active audience that is able to negotiate meaning. There is a dominant message being emitted, but consumers have the ability to buy it or ignore it in any way they want. Typically producers have the upper hand in this power relationship. Emphasis on the struggle for hegemony. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Studying culture by interpreting actual cultural texts and seeing what meanings are being proposed. There is a struggle between those in power and minorities to be seen a certain way. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Studying the way that media is produced in an effort to see who is control and what messages are being reinforced and which messages are being ignored. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New media cultures are challenging the power of cultural media producers. New media is giving people the power to produce their own meanings, and thus are diminishing the power of traditional media sources. The struggle for hegemony is becoming more contested and equal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jenkins is a proponent of the populist nature of new media that allows consumers to become producers, and in turn craft their own realities. Dealing with commercial culture gives consumers the necessary skills to become productive citizens. Does not go as far as saying that consumers are sovereign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Expansion of production and interaction, but at the same time there is a tremendous concentration of media ownership. People only participate in the way that companies design them to. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jenkins believes he is critically utopian in saying that a complete participatory culture is achievable, but people must be aware of the intense private pressures that are in the market. |
|
|
Term
| Participation vs. Digital Gaps |
|
Definition
| Difference lies in that one is simply not having the education necessary to maneuver through new technology, while the other is not having the actual necessary technology |
|
|
Term
| Kellner's Theory of Spectacle |
|
Definition
| Debord though that the spectacle injected us with consumerist culture that distracted us from the real issues of the day. There is an intoxication and alienation from our creative culture at the hands of consumer culture and their spectacles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kellner thinks that spectacle should be looked at on an individual level. There are very different spectacles that aren't always in line with the majority view. There is always the possibility of a reversal of spectacle at the hands of an active audience. In new media age, it is impossible to completely control the image of something. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of signals and the meaning they have in our culture. Specific signs has specific meanings in our culture, and those meanings have been crafted by someone and for some particular reason. An attempt to reveal the ideology behind the production of certain text |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These are the glasses through which we see all of the things in our world. Everyone has their own pair of glasses, and thus often times, we do not realize that we are even wearing them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cultural studies term that looks at how certain minorities are represented in the media, and what do these representations say about our society and culture |
|
|
Term
| Wynter and Black Marketing |
|
Definition
| Michael Jackson was the first Black pop star that became the most famous celebrity in the country. This was the first time that Whites saw Black people as potential marketing stars |
|
|
