Term
| 6 Characteristics of Communication |
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Definition
-is a symbolic process
-is a social process
-involves co-orientation
-involves individual interpretation
-occurs in a context |
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Term
| 4 Necessary Features for Communication |
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Definition
- is interactive
- involves encoding
- involves exchange of symbols
- can range from high to low (fidelity dimension) |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of behaviors that a person believes will accomplish a purpose |
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Term
| 2 types of Communication Plans |
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Definition
Verbal- what you plan to say in a specific situation
Non-Verbal- using cues before or after a verbal plan to accomplish something |
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Term
| Mindlessness changing consideration of communication as a process |
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Definition
| some communication becomes habitual and we tend to place ourselves in familiar situations where our communication plans work for us |
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Term
| Communication is a "Transactional Process" |
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Definition
| communication involves sending each other messages that reflect the motivations of the participants |
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Term
| 4 functions of communication |
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Definition
-to entertain
-to persuade
-to inform
-to stimulate |
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Term
| 3 communication objectives |
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Definition
Instrumental Objectives
Interpersonal Objectives
Identity Objectives |
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Term
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Definition
| pertain to the communicator's goal |
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Term
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Definition
| concerned with forming and maintaining relationships with people |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the desired image the person wants to communicate |
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Term
| "Interdisciplinary approach to communication" |
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Definition
| communication involves so many disciplines (sociology, psychology, anthropology, etc...) it would be productive to eliminate duplication of effort |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of inter-related propositions that suggest why events occur in the manner that they do |
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Term
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Definition
| educated guesses that help you understand why an unexpected or unexplained event occurred, helps you predict the future, and allows you to control your communication behavior and influence that of others |
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Term
| 4 purposes that theories may fulfill |
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Definition
to describe
to explain
to predict
to control behavior |
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Term
| Four FUNCTIONS of Theories |
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Definition
to organize experience
stimulate and guide further research
perform an anticipatory function
extend knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| it deduces all verbal and nonverbal cues of a real communication encounter to a few propositions that are general enough to apply to a variety of situations |
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Term
| 3 ways that theories change |
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Definition
Extension- adds knowledge and expands to include more concepts
Intention- grows by developing a deeper understanding of the original concepts and variables
Scientific Revolution- long accepted theories are rejected in favor of theories that indicate new metaphors, new concepts, or other new ways of knowing |
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Term
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Definition
| an attempt to observe events directly |
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Term
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Definition
| to reject the theory because it is proven wrong or contradicted |
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Term
| Reliability in Theorizing |
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Definition
| Repeatability. how easy it is for a process to be repeated. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to measure what the theory is supposed to measure |
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Term
| 3 criteria all theories must meet |
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Definition
logically consistent
consistent with accepted facts
testable |
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Term
| 6 desirable characteristics of theories |
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Definition
- simple
- parsimonious
- consistent with related theories
- interpretable
- useful
- pleasing to the mind |
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Term
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Definition
| simplicity of deductive structure. contains as few propositions as possible |
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Term
| difference between descriptive model and theory |
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Definition
| models are generally mathematical or pictorial representations of events |
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Term
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Definition
| when a new paradigm is adopted and supported and becomes superior over another paradigm |
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Term
| 2 ways to know something from logical positivist point of view |
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Definition
gather info through our senses- see, hear, taste, touch, or smell it
discover it through some type of logical derivation or mathematical modeling |
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Term
| "laws transcend space and time" |
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Definition
| laws are universal. Water will always boil at 100 Degrees C. |
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Term
| 2 strengths of covering laws perspective |
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Definition
prediction
spurs further research |
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Term
| 3 weaknesses of covering laws perspective |
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Definition
de-emphasizes human choice
predicts group, not individual behavior
can oversimplify communication |
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Term
| 5 propositions of communibiological perspective |
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Definition
- all psychological processes involved in social interaction depend on brain activity, making necessary a neurobiology
brain activity precedes psychological experience
the neurobiological structures underlying temperament traits and individual differences are mostly inherited
environment or situation has only a negligable effect on interpersonal behavior |
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Term
| 3 weakness of Communibiological Perspective |
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Definition
the field's researchers will have to acquire new methodological tools
what this perspective means for the future needs to be explained more thoroughly
the ethical implications need to be identified |
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Term
| 3 Strengths of Communibiological Perspective |
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Definition
strong in generating explanations of communication that rely on objective criteria such as whether a region of the brain is activated
has the potential for generating greater scientific precision if the conceptualization is expanded to utilize more fully the science of genetics
might result in an important diagnostic tool and suggest a medical basis for changing highly destructive behaviors and increasing the rate of highly desirable behavior |
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Term
| Human Action Prespective- come to view the true nature of reality |
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Definition
| subjective experience. must understand how people perceive an event in order to understand an event |
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Term
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Definition
Because Motives- related to past events- the reason for some action based on an event that happened in the past
In Order To Motives- related to goals you hope to accomplish in the future- behave in ways that will best enable them to reach their goals |
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Term
| 2 strengths of Human Action Perspective |
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Definition
strong emphasis on free choice
strong insights into why people behave the way they do |
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Term
| 2 weaknesses of Human Action Perspective |
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Definition
inability to predict the future
fewer empirical studies than covering laws perspective |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of interdependent units that work together to adapt to a changing encironment |
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Term
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Definition
| the whole system is more than just a sum of the contribution of each individual part |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 strengths of systems prespective |
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Definition
openness and flexibility
broad-based, multileveled
allows situation specific generalizations |
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Term
| 4 weaknesses of Systems Perspective |
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Definition
may be too broad and general to build theory
does not yield much explanatory power
has not generated much empirical or theoretical research |
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