Shared Flashcard Set

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Communication Studies (CMS 306M)
Exam 2
75
Debate/Speech
Undergraduate 1
05/07/2009

Additional Debate/Speech Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Conventional symbols-
Definition
arbitrary conveyors of meaning.
Term
Connotation-
Definition
various meanings and ideas associated with a word.
Term
Denotation-
Definition
the given, noted definition of a word.
Term
Iconic symbols-
Definition
signs where the signifier resembles the signified.
Term
Indexical symbols-
Definition
signs where the signifier is caused by the signified.
Term
Language-
Definition
a socially shared system of representation that employs arbitrarily assigned symbols and rule-governed combinations of those symbols.
Term
Rhetorical Sensitivity-
Definition
speaking with propriety.
Term
Semantic-
Definition
the study of meaning in language.
Term
Sign-
Definition
a word or symbol composed of a signifier and the signified.
Term
Signified-
Definition
an idea, object, or thing which can be represented by a signifier.
Term
Signifier-
Definition
the word, picture, or symbol used to represent the signified.
Term
Syntax-
Definition
the rules of words being combined into sentences.
Term
Cause-effect-
Definition
A speech arrangement used to discuss a problem and the causes of the problem, or a problem and the consequences of the problem.
Term
Chronological-
Definition
Arranges speech topic according to the sequential order in which events or steps occurred.
Term
Credibility-
Definition
Your listeners perceive you as qualified to discuss your topic because you are believable, competent, and trustworthy.
Term
Primacy-
Definition
Your audience will remember what they heard first, so present your most important points first.
Term
Problem-Solution-
Definition
A speech arrangement that explores either the causes or consequences of a problem, and then offers a solution that addresses the problem.
Term
Recency-
Definition
Your audience will remember what they heard last, so place your most important points last.
Term
Spatial-
Definition
A speech arrangement that is organized by geographic location or direction.
Term
Topical-
Definition
A speech arrangement that uses naturally occurring parts, sections, or divisions, which may or may not be arbitrary.
Term
Connotative meaning-
Definition
Suggestive or indirect meaning.
Term
Denotative meaning-
Definition
Standard or literal meaning.
Term
Explanation-
Definition
Something that is made plain and understandable.
Term
Evidence-
Definition
An outward sign or something that furnishes proof.
Term
Fallacies-
Definition
An often plausible argument using false or invalid inference; a false or mistaken idea.
Term
Inference-
Definition
The act of passing from one proposition, statement, or judgment considered as true to another whose truth is believed to follow from that of the former; the act of passing from statistical sample data to generalizations.
Term
Probative Value-
Definition
Probative Value- Serving to prove something or test it.
Term
Tautological Reasoning-
Definition
Needless repetition of an idea or statement
Term
Testimony-
Definition
Firsthand authentication of a fact or evidence.
Term
Numerical Clarifier-
Definition
A chart or graph used to simplify and explain numerical concepts.
Term
Visual Aid-
Definition
Objects, visual representations, and numerical clarifiers used to supplement a verbal message, thus enhancing communication goals.
Term
Clip Art-
Definition
A graphically generated or hand drawn picture that is available electronically and often is used to add visual interest.
Term
Color Gradients-
Definition
A situation where several shades of one color or several different colors occur on one slide.
Term
Design Template-
Definition
A pre-existing template included with PowerPoint software that can be used to present a unified color scheme, graphics, and structure of a set of slides.
Term
Faire Use-
Definition
Fair Use is part of the U.S. Copyright Act. It provides guidelines for the limited use of copyrighted materials in the case of teaching, research, and scholarship. This U.S. Copyright Act is a complex legal document, so be aware that many of these issues are decided in court.
Term
High contrast-
Definition
A situation where combinations of light and dark color are used, such that the eyes can clearly see the distinctions.
Term
Keyboard Shortcuts-
Definition
Quick ways to move around within a software program by using very few keyboard keys to accomplish a more complicated task in an application.
Term
Moving effects-
Definition
A type of animation problem that can occur when an image is animated and it is the last item on the slide. Presenters frequently forget about this image, transitioning to the next slide, and then realize they have an out-of-place image that appears.
Term
Objects-
Definition
Here, objects are broadly defined as the use of graphical elements to add interest to text. These can include auto shapes, boxes, circles, call outs, or lines.
Term
On-Slide Animation-
Definition
A type of animation that controls how objects appear and disappear during the slide presentation.
Term
Orphan-
Definition
A typesetting term re-applied to a presentation setting by Earnest which describes one word of text that wraps under a bullet. These are not desirable because they can make a slide look unbalanced.
Term
Over-Clicking-
Definition
A type of animation problem that one can overcome by grouping objects. This enables the presenter to click fewer times and still have multiple objects appear.
Term
Sans serif font-
Definition
A style of text that lacks hooks (or feet) on the ends of the letters. Most desirable for projection since the text is easier to read.
Term
Slide master-
Definition
a PowerPoint feature that enables a presenter to make individual changes that will apply to every slide in the presentation.
Term
Slide transitions-
Definition
A type of animation that controls how one slide is changed and a new slide appears.
Term
Stationary effects-
Definition
A type of animation where a text or graphic does not move around the screen when it appears.
Term
Watermark-
Definition
A faint image that appears in the background of a slide or in documentation. These are useful for visual appeal or subtle meaning.
Term
Articulation-
Definition
Clearly pronouncing each syllable within each word.
Term
Enunciation-
Definition
Emphasizing one word or a group of words within a sentence to highlight an idea.
Term
Extemporaneous Speaking-
Definition
Practiced but not memorized speech.
Term
Impromptu Speaking-
Definition
Speaking with little or no preparation.
Term
Manuscript Speaking-
Definition
Reading verbatim from a prepared document.
Term
Memorized Speaking-
Definition
Speaking from rote memorization.
Term
Nonverbal Delivery-
Definition
The use of the body, face, and voice during a presentation.
Term
Speech Voice-
Definition
An unnatural, forced style of speaking that some adopt thinking it sounds more professional.
Term
Verbal Delivery-
Definition
Word choice and language selection during a presentation.
Term
Factual Illustration-
Definition
A detailed account that makes several points.
Term
Logos-
Definition
Logical appeals
Term
Pathos-
Definition
Emotional appeals.
Term
Specific Instance-
Definition
An underdeveloped example that always follows a factual illustration.
Term
Attitude-
Definition
A learned disposition of feeling toward something
Term
Belief-
Definition
An understanding that something is true or false.
Term
Cognitive Dissonance-
Definition
A state of conflicting thoughts or emotions that produces tension that a person works to reduce
Term
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs-
Definition
Suggests that there are physical, safety, social, self-esteem, and self-actualization needs that people desire to have fulfilled
Term
Persuasion-
Definition
The process of influence
Term
Question of Fact-
Definition
Determines whether an issue exists (is it real?)
Term
Question of Policy-
Definition
Determines whether or not an issue is governed by a policy that should be implemented or changed.
Term
Question of Value-
Definition
Determines whether an issue is important or relevant and why.
Term
Value-
Definition
A deeply felt, ethical stance toward something.
Term
Classification-
Definition
A structural division that breaks a topic into “classes” of information
Term
Ethos-
Definition
the Greek word meaning credibility.
Term
Impromptu-
Definition
A type of speaking wherein the speaker has little to no time to prepare a presentation on a given topic
Term
Narrative Proof-
Definition
A story used to support a claim; the story can either be personal or hypothetical
Term
Supports-
Definition
Evidence supporting a claim
Term
Unification-
Definition
Structural division in which all main points unify to support the thesis or central idea.
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