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Definition
| set of systematic informed hunches about the way things work |
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Definition
| process of creating and interpreting messages that elicits a response |
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Definition
| how do we come to know things |
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| truth is singular and accessible through unbiased sensory observation |
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| multiple means or truths are possible: we "assign" a truth |
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| an arbitrary relationship between something and the referent |
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| an inner dialogue used to test alternatives, rehearse actions and anticipate reactions before responding |
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| how others see me, thus developing myself and who I am |
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Definition
| the composite mental image a person has of his or herself based on community expectations and responses; expectations about the self we pick up from others; who we are is shaped by who we interact with |
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Definition
| the mental self image that results from taking the role of the other; how we feel we look to others; self-fulfilling prophecy |
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Definition
| involves interpretation through a process of identifying similarities and contrasts; system develops across time |
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Definition
| the contrasts that people use to interpret "things" |
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Definition
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| if-when-then scripts in memory |
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| sophisticated messages that take into account the "other;" related to complexities in the cognitive system |
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Definition
| we have different theories about communication |
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Term
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Definition
| language is a medium for expressing thoughts/feelings; focus on open, honest communication, does not take into account the other |
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Term
| conventional design logic |
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Definition
| cooperative and follows social conventions/rules; strong focus on appropriateness (sensitive to rules of culture) |
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Definition
| communication creates social realities; good at saying what they think and adapting to the situation; can handle most goals simultaneously |
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Term
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Definition
| voluntary sharing of personal information with another person |
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Term
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Definition
| degree of disclosure in a specific area |
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| the range of areas information is disclosed in |
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Definition
| the withdrawal of disclosure and intimacy |
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Definition
| disclose very public information about oneself |
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| centers on evaluative and critical feelings at a deeper level |
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Definition
| high intimate and able to predict each other's actions and responses |
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Term
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Definition
| relationship behavior and status regulated by both parties' evaluation of perceived rewards and costs of interaction with each other |
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Definition
| maximize benefits and minimize costs |
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Definition
| what is the minimum I'll accept to be happy |
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Definition
| actual outcome compared to comparison level |
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| comparison level of alternatives |
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Definition
| best alternative possible |
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Term
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Definition
| social penetration is a cyclical dialectical process (need for privacy and connection) |
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Term
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Definition
| personal guidelines for disclosure/privacy decisions |
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| self-evident truth that requires no additional proof |
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Definition
| proposition that logically and necessarily follows from 2 axioms |
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Term
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Definition
| how does the person react to a situation |
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Definition
| observe in informal settings because observed person is less likely to self-monitor so will act "naturally" |
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Definition
| observational strategies to reduce uncertainty |
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Term
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Definition
| actively seek information to reduce uncertainty |
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Term
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Definition
| interrogation and self-disclosure strategies to reduce uncertainty |
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Term
| computer mediated communication (CMC) |
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Definition
| text-based messages, which filter out most nonverbal cues |
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Term
| technological determinism |
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Definition
| belief that impact of a message is determined by the medium over which it is communicated |
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Term
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Definition
| CMC is problematic for relationship development because of the lack of nonverbal cues |
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Term
| social information processing theory |
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Definition
| relationships grow only to the extent that parties first gain information about each other and use that information to form interpersonal impressions about each other |
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Term
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Definition
| claim that CMC relationships are often more intimate than those developed when partners are physically together |
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Term
| selective self-presentation |
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Definition
| online positive portrayal without fear of contradiction that enables people to create an overwhelmingly favorable impression |
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Term
| social identity reindividuation |
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Definition
| CMC users overestimate similarity with others they meet in an online interest group |
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Definition
| dynamic knot of contradictions in personal relationships; unceasing interplay between contrary or opposing tendencies |
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Term
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Definition
| unpredictable, unfinalizable, indeterminate nature of personal relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| "deep structure" of all human activities; tensions are an opportunity for dialogue |
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Definition
| ongoing tensions played out within a relationship |
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Definition
| ongoing tensions between a couple and their community |
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Definition
| switching back and forth between two contrasting voices |
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Term
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Definition
| compartmentalizing tactic by which partners isolate different aspects of their relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| the behavior of each person affects and is affected by the behavior of each other (you can't take part of the whole out, like cake mix) |
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Term
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Definition
| sequences of behavior governed by rules |
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Term
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Definition
| families are rule governed; rules are typically implicit; families act to maintain the system (operating in ways to maintain knowledge and stability) |
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Term
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Definition
| what is said or the "report" aspect of a message |
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Term
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Definition
| the command part of the message |
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Term
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Definition
| communication about communication |
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Term
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Definition
| interpreting an ongoing sequence of events by labeling one event as the cause and the following event as the response |
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Term
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Definition
| domineering statement that attempts to gain control |
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Term
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Definition
| submissive statement that yields control to the other |
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Term
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Definition
| statement that attempts to neutralize or level control |
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Term
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Definition
| two statements of the same type which typically signal equal levels of power |
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| complementary interchange |
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Definition
| two statements of different types which typically signal attempts to gain or give up dominance |
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Term
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Definition
| attempt to neutralize control |
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Term
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Definition
| mutually exclusive expectations; typically involves the power person insisting that the low power person acts as if it were symmetrical |
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Term
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Definition
| stepping out of the situation and reinterpreting what is going on |
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Term
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Definition
| includes the person's most preferred position, but also includes the range of other opinions on an issue that the person finds acceptable |
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Term
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Definition
| the range of opinions the person finds objectionable |
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Term
| latitude of noncommitment |
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Definition
| those positions the person finds neither acceptable nor unacceptable |
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Term
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Definition
| the issue deals with core values that a person holds |
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Term
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Definition
| how people react to a message is not a factor of the message, per se, rather, it is a function of how the message relates to the person's preferred position |
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Term
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Definition
| displacement towards the anchor (appears closer than it really is) |
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Term
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Definition
| displacement away from the anchor (appears farther away than it really is) |
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Term
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Definition
| serves as an anchor which biases how we perceive persuasive messages |
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Term
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Definition
| our personal reference point |
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Term
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Definition
| attitude change in opposite direction of what the message advocated |
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Term
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Definition
| as discrepancy increases, attitude change increases |
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Term
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Definition
| critical analysis of the message's content to determine message agreement (message elaboration) |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of simple inferential clues to determine message agreement |
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Term
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Definition
| source variables, number of arguments, audience reactions and social norms are all examples |
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Term
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Definition
| our reactions to the message |
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Term
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Definition
| are we capable of processing the message? (topic relevant knowledge, distraction, repetition) |
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Term
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Definition
| do we want to process this message? (personal relevance, need for cognition, mood) |
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Term
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Definition
| top-down thinking in which predetermined conclusions color supporting data |
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Term
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Definition
| bottom-up thinking, in which facts are scrutinized without bias; seeking truth wherever it might lead |
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Term
| elaboration likelihood model |
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Definition
| messages don't persuade us, rather they act as a catalyst for self-persuasion |
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Term
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Definition
| a drive or feeling of discomfort caused by holding two or more inconsistent beliefs or performing a behavior that is inconsistent with your beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling good about yourself as a way to reduce dissonance |
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Term
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Definition
| constant movement toward and away from others by changing communicative behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| strategy through which you adapt communication behavior to become more similar to another person |
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Term
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Definition
| strategy of accentuating the difference between yourself and another person |
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Term
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Definition
| demeaning or patronizing talk; excessive concern paid to vocal clarity or amplitude, message simplification, or repetition |
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Term
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Definition
| group memberships and social categories that we use to define who we are |
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Term
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Definition
| communicator's predisposition to focus on either their individual identity or group identity during a conversation |
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Term
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Definition
| our public self image; how do we want people to see us |
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Term
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Definition
| specific ways that we construct/repair face |
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Term
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Definition
| strategy to stake out a unique place in life (focus on preserving autonomy and defend against loss of personal freedom) |
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Term
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Definition
| facework aimed at defending & restoring other people's need for inclusion (do not embarrass or humiliate others) |
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Term
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Definition
| self-image; the degree to which people conceive of themselves as relatively autonomous from, or connected to, others |
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Term
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Definition
| values I-identity and is more self-face oriented; prevalent within individualistic cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| values we-identity and emphasizes relational connectedness; closely aligned with collectivism |
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Term
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Definition
| regard for self-face, or other face, or mutual face |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| violation of this boundary causes fight/flight response |
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Term
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Definition
| negative or positive value assigned to a breach of an expectation |
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Term
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Definition
| the initial stance toward an interaction based on requirements, expectations and desires; how you want the interaction to go |
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Term
| interaction adaption theory |
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Definition
| when interacting, how you need/want the other to respond |
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Term
| communicator reward valence |
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Definition
| how we evaluate violation (evaluation of person and future reward/punishment) |
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