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| An impairment or deviant development of the form, content, or use of language. The impairments can impact language comprehension, production, or both. |
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| Articulation errors or phonological processes that are rarely seen in normally developing children. |
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| Articulation errors or phonological processes that are commonly seen in normally developing children. |
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| The structure of language, relating to the linguistic systems of phonology, morphology, and syntax. |
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| The meaning of an utterance or word, relating to the linguistic system of semantics. |
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| Choices that speakers make about the words and sentence structures in order to best express their intended meanings, referring to the linguistic system of pragmatics. |
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| A mental dictionary of words. |
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| The study of organization of sounds; language rules that govern how sounds are combined to create words. [language form] |
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| The part of grammar that concerns the study of morphemes (the smallest units of meaning). [language form] |
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| Conventions related to the way words are ordered to create sentences. [language form] |
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| The meaning of individual words (lexical semantics) or the meanings that are expressed when words are joined together (relational semantics) [language content] |
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| Conventions related to the use of language in various speaking situations [language use] |
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| functional/developmental language disorder |
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Definition
| Language disorder that occurs during childhood |
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| acquired language disorders |
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Definition
| Language disorder that occurs in late childhood or adulthood |
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| articulation / phonological disorder |
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Definition
| Problems with the production of speech sounds. [subset of speech disorder] |
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| An unusual interruption in the flow of speaking. [subset of speech disorder] |
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| A type of voice disorder that results from abnormalities of the vocal fold vibration that yield changes in loudness, pitch, or quality. [subset of speech disorder] |
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| A type of voice disorder that results from problems with closing the opening between the nose and mout during the production of speech and sound. [subset of speech disorder] |
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| Disorders that have a physical cause. |
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| I -honor responsibility to hold welfare paramount, II - best service, III - promote public understanding of the professions, IV - uphold dignity of profession |
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| ba-do-ke-ga-do (6-8 months) |
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| first grammatical morphemes |
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| Variation of a language that is understood by al speakers of the "mother language." May include sound, vocabulary, and grammatical variations. |
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| A particular nonnative stress on syllables in words, which connotes the influence of a second language. |
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| The alternating use of two or more languages at the word, phrase, and sentence levels with a complete break between languages in phonology. |
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Definition
| Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency - language proficiency that requires high cognitive load. |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills - Language proficiency at a level that requires low cognitive load. |
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Definition
| Learn a language in school, then travel to other country where the language is spoken. |
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| Immigrated to a second country and must learn a language to communicate - no formal education in the second language. |
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| Exposed to two languages from birth. |
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| Learn a second language when they go to school, or as an adult. |
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Definition
| made of gray matter (neuron cell bodies) and white matter (myelin and neuron axons). Has four lobes - frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital. |
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Definition
| Located in the cerebrum, important for control of movement - Damage Parkinson's Disease |
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Definition
| Sensory information is relayed through this. |
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Definition
| Lies at the base of the brain and in front of the cerebellum. It includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla. Sensory information from head - important for speech |
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| Important for balance and coordination. |
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| Located in the front of cerebrum - motor planning and execution |
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| Located in underpart of cerebrum - auditory processing |
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| Located in the back of cerebrum - visual processing |
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| Located in the upper back of cerebrum - sensory association and spatial processing. |
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| Important for programming movements of speech production. |
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| Part of temporal lobe - important for the understanding of speech. |
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Definition
| A cranial nerve specializing in the movements for chewing. |
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Definition
| A cranial nerve specializing in movements of face |
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Definition
| A cranial nerve specializing in laryngeal and pharyngeal movements. |
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Definition
| A cranial nerve specializing in motor tongue movements. |
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Definition
| Problems understanding and implementing rules for producing sounds and sequences. |
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Definition
| Difficulty producing sounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Middle ear fluid secondary to hearing infection - risk of delay in speech development. |
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Definition
| Genetic or postnatal disease resulting in hearing loss |
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Definition
| Oral-facial malformations resulting from interruption of development during prenatal period. |
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Definition
| Neuromuscular impairment resulting in speech disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neurological damage resulting in inconsistent speech production abilities. |
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Term
| spontaneous speech and language sample |
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Definition
| Clinicians collect a speech sample by talking and playing with the child - determines child's ability to produce consonants and vowels |
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Term
| single-word articulation test |
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Definition
| Assess child's ability to produce consonants in varied word positions. |
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| oral-peripheral examination |
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Definition
| Used to evaluate the ability to move tongue, lips, and palate. |
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Definition
| vocal fold tissues become swollen |
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| associated with excessive muscle tension |
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| vocal folds brought together but there is still space between them - whisper |
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| uses a camera to allow clinician to view vocal folds |
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| slow motion technique - clinicians can examine the movement of vocal folds. |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument that provides objective data regarding a number of acoustic parameters. |
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Definition
| coupling of oral and nasal cavities |
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| audible escape of air through nose |
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| resistance to muscle lengthening |
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Term
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Definition
| arms that are bent upward - legs that are positioned like scissors - most prominent in antigravity muscles |
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Definition
| involuntary movements characterized by writhing and twisting motions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| muscles are hypertoned and rigid, tremors i.e. Parkinson's disease |
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Definition
| moving clot from another part of the body lodges in an artery |
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Term
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Definition
| an artery that gradually fills with plaque |
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Definition
| deprevation of oxygen to the brain |
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Definition
| dying tissue in the brain |
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| transient ischemic attack |
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Definition
| closing of an artery with symptoms that disappear within 24 hours |
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Definition
| stroke caused by bleeding in the brain |
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Definition
| a weakening in the artery that bulges and eventually breakes |
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Definition
| bruises on the surface of the cortex |
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Definition
| tearing of structures and blood vesseles |
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Definition
| areas of encapsulated blood |
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| new growths or head tumors |
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Definition
| language disorder caused by left-hemisphere damage, typically resulting from a stroke. |
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Definition
| new words or "nonsense" word |
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Definition
| selection of alternate for intended word in a category i.e. "lion" for "tiger" |
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Definition
| substitutions for sounds (gable for cable) |
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Definition
| an individual can name the items circumstances but not the item |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty with fluency/ agrammatism or trouble with grammar |
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Term
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Definition
| changes of pitch, stress, intensity, and duration of sounds during connected speech; the intonation of spoken language |
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Definition
| inability to repeat what was just named. |
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Definition
| Difficulty retrieving names of objects |
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Term
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Definition
| either damage is done to motor pathway or sensory pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| nonfluent verbal expression, poor auditory comprehension, and difficulty repeating words. |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of half of the visual field on the side opposite the brain hemisphere that was damaged. |
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