framework through which you interpret the world, including everyone you meet and everything that happens to you

derived from German word Weltanschauung

when a common way of understanding and organizing reality is collectively agreed upon by a society to such a degree that it is unquestioned

Gravity is a paradigm of our palnet

when what was formerly considered an ultimate truth is questioned, doubted, or disproved, causing a society to undergo some fundamental change

paradigm shift ex, when scientists disovered bacteria, people thought babies used to get sick from too much affection

the part of your self-concept that is derived from your group memberships.

Our memberships in various social groups affect the way we communicate with people who belong to our groups and the people who don't belong in our groups

behavior that goes on between people any time those individuals are focused on their group memberships as opposed to their unique individual personalities.

a group can be anything from a gender to a sports team

when communication between two or more indivuals is fully determined by their interpersonal relationship and individual characteristics

not driven by the social groups or categories to which they belong

Relative importance of any particular group membership

based on context in which it is being considered

a distinct cultural group within a larger culture

previously called sub-culture

ex, Mexican Americans are Americans who have a Mexican co-culture

things that represent aspects of a culture

music, art, food

process through which an individual acquires new approaches, beliefs, and values by coming into contact with other cultures to which they otherwise have no relation

texans have become known for their tex-mex food, which was only possible through contact with their mexican neighbors

culture's range in their level of comfort with uncertainty

low uncertainty avoidance countires have looser social ruled.

professors may be called by a first name

the distance on the social hierarchy that separates people who have different roles in society

High power distance, Korea, large distance between people with different levels of power

Low power distance, Australia, people sit up front with cab driver so they seem as equals

opposite of individualism

cultures conformity is viewed positively

Time orientation

long-term

and

short-term

the importance a culture places on the future versus the past and present

long-term, societies focus on future

short-term, societies focus on past and present through respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligation

cultures view time as limited

time is money

time is linear, moves forward, clear past, present, and future

U.S.

cultures view time as cyclical and plentiful

Native Americans and Mexicans

Gender cultures

feminine

masculine

Feminine cuture priorities include the family, personal relationships, and the quality of life

Masculine cutures prioritize in achievement, success, and material possessions

psychological and emotional characteristics that cause people to assume masculine, feminine, or androgynous roles

different from sex, which is determined by sex organs, sex does not determine gender role

ingroups

outgroups

positive distinctiveness

ingroups, groups with whom we associate with

outgroups, other groups

positive distinctiveness- the way your group compares in a favorable light to other groups

ex, to be authentic dodger fan, you have to love the dodgers and hate the giants