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Communication 10
ucla
95
Communication
Undergraduate 2
10/26/2009

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Norms
Definition
societal acceptable behavior, can be classified into Folkways, Mores and Taboos. Norms change over time and with how long you know someone.
Term
Folkways
Definition
casual guidelines for behavior in society, if broken its not too much of a problem, ex: wearing a tux to Mcdonalds
Term
Mores:
Definition
Strongly held norms, but not the strongest of norms, if broken there might be some light punishment, ex: naked in public
Term
Taboos
Definition
Norms that are held most strongly, breaking these can result in serious punishment and societal rejection ex: necrophilia
Term
SEMCDR model
Definition
a model that describes interpersonal communication with source, encoder, message, channel, decoder, reciever
Term
SEMCDR Source:
Definition
Originator of idea
Term
SEMCDR Encoder:
Definition
Takes the idea while still in the source stage and makes it something that is understandable
Term
SEMCDR Message:
Definition
broken into 3 parts, code, content and treatment. The code is a grouping of shared symbols the content is what is being communicated and the treatment is how the message is being delivered.
Term
SEMCDR Message-treatment double-bind
Definition
when the verbal and non-verbal cues in a message do not match
Term
SEMCDR Channel:
Definition
The way that a message is sent to the receiver, the medium used (phone, voice, internet). It is either communicated with high fidelity or low fidelity. High fidelity is when the message gets across with no distortion, Low fidelity is when something interferes with the message.
Term
SEMCDR Channel-Low fidelity causes
Definition
Low fidelity is caused by either internal noise or external noise. Internal noise is when someone’s internal factors such as culture affect how they might hear a message. External noise is when an external distraction such as actual noise makes it hard for the message to get across.
Term
SEMCDR Decoder:
Definition
The process that takes the encoded message and undoes the code in order to understand what was at the source.
Term
SEMCDR Receiver:
Definition
the person that the message is directed at
Term
4 mechanisms of communication:
Definition
Intrapersonal communication, Interpersonal communication, small group communication and mass (or public) communication
Term
4 mechanisms of communication-Intrapersonal communication:
Definition
communication from oneself to oneself, ex: alarm clock
Term
4 mechanisms of communication-Interpersonal communication (also called dyadic communication):
Definition
When communication occurs between two people
Term
4 mechanisms of communication-Small group communication:
Definition
When three or more people are communication with each other, there is no cap to the amount of people involved in a small group so a small group can be defined by seeing if everybody notices when someone is missing.
Term
4 mechanisms of communication-Mass (or public) Communication:
Definition
There is little to no feedback and the group is seen as one listener. It can be mediated and unmediated but it is often mediated because mediation allows for acsess to a larger audience.
Term
Mediated Communication:
Definition
Communication that uses a technological object ex: TV
Term
Unmediated communication:
Definition
Face to face communication with speaking and hearing
Term
Perception
Definition
how people understand a message, it is split up into two parts, reception and analysis
Term
Perception-Reception
Definition
perception begins here by using all 5 senses to take in the message.
Term
Perception-Analysis
Definition
the second part of perception in which stimuli from the world around the observer is synthesized
Term
Selective perception
Definition
A person may differ in their perception of an event because his/her analysis is not encoded the same way it was decoded. This is usually socialized and cultural. Information is perceived based on intrapersoneral categories. This is an involuntary process.
Term
How does perception differ in terms of objects
Definition
obviousness, intensity, contrast, repetition
Term
Factors affecting perception in objects-Obviousness:
Definition
If an object is received in the reception stage of perception that is hidden then it will probably not be perceived
Term
Factors affecting perception in objects-Intensity
Definition
a bright red will be noted among dull reds
Term
Factors affecting perception in objects-Contrast
Definition
if there was a group of Elvis impersonators with a normal person among them one would notice the Elvis impersonators.
Term
Factors affecting perception in objects-repetition
Definition
if you see something a ton of times you might perceive it more directly or you might see it as something that in normal and not notice it as much.
Term
How does perception differ in terms of people
Definition
Past experinces, culture, language, motivation, stereotypes, perception roles, mood, psychological tendencies
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-Past experiences
Definition
have you seen the thing a million times before, have you learned to notice something
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-Culture
Definition
: the culture that you grew up in forms many notions about how you view the world.
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-Language
Definition
the different structures of language can change the way you perceive something, while we just perceive snow as snow the Eskimos have many different words for snow so they have a much more detailed perception of snow
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-Motivation
Definition
If you want to see something you will work to see what you want, if I think someone doesn’t like me I will take signs of indifference as signs of annoyance.
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-Stereotypes
Definition
If you think that a certain group of people will fit a pre-conceived notion that you have of them then you will perceive that they will.
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-Language
Definition
the different structures of language can change the way you perceive something, while we just perceive snow as snow the Eskimos have many different words for snow so they have a much more detailed perception of snow
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-Motivation
Definition
If you want to see something you will work to see what you want, if I think someone doesn’t like me I will take signs of indifference as signs of annoyance.
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-Stereotypes
Definition
If you think that a certain group of people will fit a pre-conceived notion that you have of them then you will perceive that they will.
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-Perception roles
Definition
Certain jobs or roles train an individual to handle environments differently, ex: mother, police
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-mood:
Definition
you are likely to interpret stimuli in different ways depending on your mood
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-Psychological tendencies
Definition
Your psychological tendencies affect perception, categorized in three ways. Selctive exposure, selective attention and selective retention
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-Psychological tendencies-Selective exposure
Definition
Only having exposure to what you believe, ex: evangelical Christians home schooling their kids.
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-Psychological tendencies-Selective Attention:
Definition
A tendency to only pay attention to what you agree with ex: hearing a speech about two sides of an issue and only really paying attention to the side that you like
Term
Factors affecting perception within the observer-Psychological tendencies-Selective retention:
Definition
a tendency to remember only what you want to hear ex: I remember that someone owes me money not when I owe someone money.
Term
Intrapersonal communication
Definition
communication with oneself, 6 major factors affect intrapersonal communication, Self concept, Looking glass self, Basic social needs of the individual, beliefs, attitudes, values.
Term
Intrapersonal communication-Self concept
Definition
the way one views themselves, it can be sperated into three categories, self identity, self image and self esteem.
Term
Intrapersonal commuication-Self concept-Self identity
Definition
Social positions that you occupy (father son muslim mexican)
Term
Intrapersonal communication-Self concept-Self image
Definition
Skills and aptitudes that you personally apply to yourself (I think im smart attractive and cool)
Term
Intrapersonal communication-self concept-self esteem
Definition
Positve and negative emotional responses. This perspective is individually decided and usually relies in self-identity and self image. It can also have much to do with socialization and the environment.
Term
Intrapersonal communication-looking glass self:
Definition
people generally act as mirrors, their reactions to us are our reflections. This process impliments itself in three stages. 1. Imagining how our actions appear 2. Imagining how our actions are being judged. 3. Coming up with the image of self
Term
Intrapersonal communication-Basic social needs of the individual
Definition
there are four basic social needs that affect intrapersonal communication. Interpersonal imperative, Inclusion, Control, affection.
Term
Intrapersonal communication-basic social needs of the individual-interpersonal imperitive
Definition
drive to be social, to have human contact on a deep level
Term
Intrapersonal communication-basic social needs of the individual-Inclusion:
Definition
the need to be part of something larger then the mundane personal experience (oversocial vs. undersocial)
Term
Intrapersonal communication-basic social needs of the individual-control
Definition
Stems off of inclusion, it is the basic need for our voices to be heard. Autocrats are people who need too much control (control freaks) Abdicates are people who take no control whatsoever, may be labeled as lazy or antisocial.
Term
Intrapersonal communication-basic social needs of the individual-Affection
Definition
: A basic need to give and get love. Over personal is too much affection given underpersonal is not enough human contact given
Term
Intrapersonal communication-Beliefs
Definition
Ones personal opinion for what is true and what is not true. The greater the belief, the more affect it has on the individual’s perceptions and basic drives. Beliefs can be categorized into 5 different sections, Primitive 100% consensus, Primitive 0% consensus, authority, derived authority, inconsequential.
Term
Intrapersonal communication-beliefs- Primitive 100% consensus
Definition
The belief that something will happen no matter what that is universially held, ex: the sun will rise tomorrow
Term
Intrapersonal communication-beliefs-Primitive 0% consensus
Definition
the belief that something will happen no matter what (held personally) ex: god exists
Term
Intrapersonal communication-Beliefs-Autority
Definition
when an established and legitimate authority instills a belief about something ex: my math professor told me about math and I believe it.
Term
Intrapersonal communication-Beliefs-Derived Authority
Definition
When someone that people believe to be an authority in one field take their authority to another field. Ex: Bill Cosby says jell-o is good
Term
Intrapersonal communication-Beliefs-Inconsequential
Definition
Something that is belived to be true on an individual level even though it has little importance or justification ex: Fender basses are the best.
Term
Intrapersonal communication-Attitudes
Definition
How beliefs fit into the real world. Based between common sensical judgments and beliefs. Ex: I am racist towards jews but I never do anything about it because modern additues do not allow this.
Term
Intrapersonal communication-Values
Definition
Broad general notions, usually supported by large overarching themes in groups. Values can be defined by instrumental values or terminal values
Term
Intrapersonal communication-Values-Instrumental values
Definition
values in which “the end justify the means” they are the way that someone might go about accomplishing a task
Term
Intrapersonal communication-Values-Terminal values
Definition
This would be more in line with the”ends” what types of things do you want, what tasks do you want accomplished.
Term
Problems with verbal language:
Definition
There are 8 classifications of problems with verbal language; Sub-Cultural differences, Relative language, Euphemism, Abstraction, Equivocation, Static Evaluation, Bypassing, Limited Language
Term
Problems with verbal language-Sub cultural differences
Definition
: When the same language is used differently ex: he is a nasty guitar player means to me that he is good, to others it would mean that he is mean and nasty
Term
Problems with verbal language-Relative language
Definition
Anything ambiguous gives rise to a personalized definition (cheap living in Westwood is not actually cheap living to many people)
Term
Problems with verbal language-Euphemism
Definition
this refers to when a unpleasant term is replaced by a more pleasant one ex: im sorry to hear that your mother passed on rather then im sorry to hear your moms dead
Term
Problems with verbal language-Abstraction
Definition
not being specific ex: when’s summer, after finals would be an abstract response
Term
Problems with verbal language-Equivocation:
Definition
When the same words have more then one definition ex: right can be defined as “I have the right to” and right vs. wrong
Term
Problems with verbal language-Static Evaluation
Definition
Words that make things seem one dimensional when they are not ex: Karen is mean, Karen isn’t always mean
Term
Problems with verbal language-Bypassing
Definition
When two people argue for or against the same thing, they agree but their words do not ex: that show was great, no it was incredible
Term
Problems with verbal language-Limited language
Definition
Reality is not limited, but language is
Term
Functions words serve
Definition
Categorized into 6 groups, act as verbal symbols, act as performed actions and settings, invoke emotion, reduce uncertainty, express complex ideas, promote human contact
Term
Functions words serve-act as verbal symbols
Definition
they stand in for an action ex; describing the way someone kicks a ball. The exemption to this is the onomatopoeia because it is not a substitute it is what actually happened.
Term
Functions words serve-Act as performed actions and settings
Definition
they hold connotation ex: I am getting married is a verbal way of committing life to life
Term
Functions words serve-Invoking emotions
Definition
ex: your awesome makes people feel happy
Term
Functions words serve-Reduce uncertainty
Definition
through verbal clarification
Term
Functions words serve-Express complex ideas
Definition
thought cannot be broken into smaller parts very easily, but words can always be broken down, words help relay thought processes
Term
Functions words serve-Promote human contact:
Definition
in large due to the globalization of culture through modernization.
Term
Cultural differences in verbal language
Definition
4 categories, Elaborate vs. succinct, formality, structure, profanity
Term
Cultural differences in verbal language-Elaborate vs. Succinct
Definition
Some languages are more succinct then others
Term
Cultural diffrences in verbal language-Formality
Definition
formal Meaning might be tied to word structure because they are related, it is likely that in many cultures when speaking to someone of hierarchy a different dialect is used and maintained or word meaning is lost. (Japanese and Hispanic cultures have strong elements of formality in place
Term
Cultural differences in verbal language-structure:
Definition
All languages put different epasis on different parts of speech but all need structure, this structure might change some thing about the language
Term
Cultural differnces in Verbal language-Profanity:
Definition
Language is tied to circumstance or setting different cultures have different words that are truly considered profane, saying shit around my friends isn’t a big deal but that is not the same with other company
Term
Interpersonal communication-the encounter
Definition
the encounter between two people has three stages, Anticipation, direct contact and reciprocity
Term
Interpersonal communication-the encounter-Anticipation
Definition
you imagine what is going to happen in the upcoming encounter, fantasy imagination elements, feeds on self image and intrapersonal communication
Term
Interpersonal communication-the encounter-direct contact
Definition
When two people communicate, verbally or non verbally, the anticipation stage plays a large part in the roles people play in this stage
Term
Interpersonal communication-the encounter-Reciprocity
Definition
When response is given to a direct contact scenario, usually results in conversation
Term
Interpersonal communication-Self Disclosure
Definition
Intentional disclosure of information, willingly giving over a personal aspect of your intrapersonal life, interpersonally. Split into 5 categories, open self, hidden self, blind self, unknown self, halo effect
Term
Interpersonal communication-self disclosure-open self
Definition
What you and other people know about you ex: expressed opinions, outfit choices
Term
Interpersonal communication-self disclosure-hidden self
Definition
What people may not know about you on first contact ex: religion, hobbies
Term
Interpersonal communication-self disclosure-unknown self
Definition
Something that you and other people don’t know about yourself ex: nobody including the person knows why they are always so happy
Term
Interpersonal communication-self disclosure-Halo effect
Definition
when a person comes to know one trait of a person’s personality and uses that trait to paint a full picture of the person. Ex:that person is rich, they must be happy
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