ARE THE AMERICAN VALUES SHAPED BY THE MASS MEDIA

issue 1 (yes)

schiller

mind managers

•  control media; portray manipulative/ false reality
• society in 2 categories: winners & losers
• use media and advertisements to sway public

ARE AMERICAN VALUES SHAPED BY THE MASS MEDIA 

issue 1 (yes)

schiller

five myths

1 & 2

1. personal choice and individulaism: we can act as individuals and individulas can make a difference
2. media neutrality: education, media, government and science are not manipulative; individuals believe its neutral and believeable

ARE AMERICAN VALUES SHAPED BY THE MASS MEDIA 

issue 1 (yes)

schiller

five myths

3, 4, 5

1. unchanging human nature: human nature is intracable; physical elements don't affect human nature
2. absence of social conflict: media presents a message than conflict is an individual situation, not based on social hostility
3. media pluralism: media presents different perspectives

ARE AMERICAN VALUES SHAPED BY THE MASS MEDIA 

issue 1 (yes)

schiller

other

• controlled by monopoly; all presenting same view
• even different ones go with most popular

ARE AMERICAN VALUES SHAPED BY THE MASS MEDIA 

issue 1 (no)

newcomb and hirsh

trasnportation

•  media is used to manipulate and change the viewer
• purpose of control
• communication is persuasion, attitude change, behavior modification, socialization through transmission and influence

ARE AMERICAN VALUES SHAPED BY THE MASS MEDIA 

issue 1 (no)

newcomb and hirsh

ritual

• media is representation of shared beliefs; the maintainence of society
• media responds to changes in society and reflects them

ARE AMERICAN VALUES SHAPED BY THE MASS MEDIA 

issue 1 (no)

newcomb and hirsh

liminality

• phase in between a cultural change;
• media reflection where rules are broken
• change; most interesting
• makes everything permissible

ARTE AMERICAN VALUES SHAPED BY THE MASS MEDIA 

 issue 1 (no)

newcomb and hirsh

other

• television shows prove how the media only reflects social change; does't reflect it
• idividuals who control shows add perspective
• viewers interpret media differently

ARE REPRESENTATIONS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMAN IN MEDIA ACCURATE 

issue 3 (yes)

mascaro

Does media represenetation mold public opinion, or is it a result of it? Does the media create stereotypes? Does the media create unrealistic expectations for women?

• show Homicide- black women new, diverse
• minority group working toward common goal portrays individuals in stereotypical terms rather than address individual desires
• black women under-rep and play common role
• slow progress

ARE REPRESENTATIONS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN ACCURATE 

issue 3 (no)

Sanchez-Hucles, Hudgins, and Gamble

Does media representation mold public opinion, or is it a result of it? Does the media create stereotypes? Does the media create unrealistic expectations for women?

• media reflects distored lives of ppl of color
• majorities in positive light; minority depictions biased, especially women
• in ads, black women= exotic, predatorial
• more erotic ads in ethnic magazines
• interracial couples nonexistant in ads= social discomfort

IS ADVERTISING GOOD FOR SOCIETY 

issue 6 (yes)

calfee

beneficial

• advertising is useful
• skeptism of ads forces individuals to contemplate the ad and judge validity

IS ADVERTISING GOOD FOR SOCIETY 

issue 6 (yes)

calfee

cacade if information

• convey info to public
• ex. health info
• increase awarness through knowlege

IS ADVERTISING GOOD FOR SOCIETY 

issue 6 (yes)

calfee

increased independent information

• by putting attention on information, indpenedent media stresses it
• creates awarness and knowledge

IS ADVERTISING GOOD FOR SOCIETY 

issue 6 (yes)

calfee

pervasive phenomenon

• mass coverage allows info to spread in ways govt cant
• unregulated economic factors naturally generate useful ads

IS ADVERTISING GOOD FOR SOCIETY 

issue 6 (yes)

calfee

advertising and context

• ads stress environment and vagueness
• say alot in few words
• allow interpretations
• increses competition= price lowering

IS ADVERTISING GOOD FOR SOCIETY 

issue 6 (yes)

calfee

"less-bad" advertising

• conveying product as less bad than its competitors'
• ideal for consumers

IS ADVERTISING GOOD FOR SOCIETY 

issue 6 (no)

godrej

disadvantages of ads

• corporations have disporportional amount of power
• ads lie
• no focus on product quality; create image, emotion and dream
• convey unattainable lifestyles
• false sense of instant gratification
• dettaches observer from reality
• decays traditional culture w/ western culture

IS ADVERTISING GOOD FOR SOCIETY 

issue 7 (yes)

schulman

excluded middle

• when people are given incomplete information, they will make false inferences
• in Iraqui war military intentionally gave the press false info to discourage Iraqi's and gain public support
• war becomes based on communication/info on warfare

ARE POLITICAL LEADERS TO BLAME FOR MISINFORMATION IN TIME OF WAR 

issue 7 (yes)

schulman

office of strategic influence

• created to sway public opinion with info and communitative techniques
• director of OSI, Worden, acknowledged that he planned on releasing false info
• misinfo intended to spread globally
• OSI revealed and disbanned, but misinfo planted in abundance

ARE POLITICAL/MILITARY LEADERS TO BLAME FOR MISINFORMATION IN TIME OF WAR 

issue 7 (no)

michael ryan

objectivity

•  journalists use objective approach to news
• manner in which info is conveyed is governed by "professional norms"

ARE MILITARY LEADERS TO BLAME FOR MISINFORMATION IN TIME OF WAR 

issue 7 (no)

michael ryan

dichotomous language

• used by govt to createtwo polar positions: either against terrorists or with them; do nothing or attack
• govt needs to assert that something might be true, and it falls under desired category

ARE MILITIARY LEADERS TO BLAME FOR MISINFORMATION IN TIME OF WAR 

issue 7 (no)

michael ryan

media and war info

• objective journalists cover middle ground
• media uses terms w/ connotation such as "war," "terrorist," "we," "them"
• contribute to polarized options
• media typically doesnt acknowledge anti-war movements
• admit to using pro-war rhetoric

IS NEGATIVE CAMPAIGNING BAD FOR THE AMERICAN POLITICAL PROCESS 

issue 8 (yes)

pinkleton, um, weintraub

backlash effect

• when a negative political ad creates sense of hostility from sponsor and actually creates support for other candidate

IS NEGATIVE CAMPAIGNING BAD FOR THE AMERICAN POLITICAL PROCESS 

issue 8 (yes)

pinkelton, um, and weintraub

negativism

• negative political ads foster negative perspectives of political campaigns as a whole
• foster neg perspectives of media in the short term, but not long term

IS NEGATIVE CAMPAIGNING BAD FOR THE AMERICAN POLITICAL PROCESS 

issue 8 (yes)

pinkleton, um, weintraub

cyncism

• mental state of a citizen of distrust in politcal system and politial process
• neg ads create and confirm mindset in short term, but not long term

IS NEGATIVE CAMPAIGNING BAD FOR THE AMERICAN POLITICAL PROCESS 

issue 8 (yes)

pinkleton, um, weintraub

efficiancy

• individuals belief that he/she can affect political and social events
• results from continued experience
• maybe affected by negativism
• internal efficiancy: individuals belief to exert influence
• external efficiancy: how govt/ instiution responds

IS NEGATIVE CAMPAIGNING BAD FOR THE AMERICAN POLITICAL PROCESS 

issue 8 (yes)

weaver-lariscy, tinkham

lasting effects

• postive ads are processed but not remembered
• negative ads hae lasting, sticking effect
• experiment w/ random subjects

IS NEGATIVE CAMPAIGNING BAD FOR THE POLITICAL PROCESS 

issue 8 (no)

weaver-lariscy, tinkham

sleeper effect

bad negative ad

McCain-Feingold Campaign Finance Reform Law

• source of negativity is forgotten while negative sentiments remain and grow
• produces backlash, consists of personal attack
• (law)" forces candidates to endorse and "Stand by" negative ads