Transmission: Direct contact, droplet, contaminated objects. Primary secretions from respiratory tract of infected people and open skin lesions.

Incubation period:2-3 weeks

Period of communicability: 1-2 days before lesions appear, until they have crusted over.

Isolation:Airborne (Keep on isolation until all lesions are crusted and dried).

Immunization: Varicella SQ after 12 months old.

Treatment: Antihistamines. antipyretics, calamine lotion for skin care.

Complications: Secondary bacterial infections, encephalitis.

VZIG (Varicella-zoster immunogloblin) Low supply so saved for immunocompromised children and pregnant women who have been compromised.

IM injection that has shown to give passive immunity, if given up to 96 hours after exposure.

Immunity lasts about 3 weeks.

Transmission: Direct contact with infected person, carrier, or contaminated objects. Can be airborne.

Incubation period: usually 2-7 days

Period of communicability: variable - usually 2-4 weeks

Isolation: Droplet

Immunizations: DTap IM x5 doses

Manifestations: Resembles common cold, nasal drainage, malaise, low grade fever, hoarseness, cough, dyspnea, neck edema, grey (white, black, green) membrane on tonsils.

Treatment: Antibiotics, complete bed rest, O2 PRN. Trach if severe case with obstructed airway.

Complications: Airway obstruction, cardiomyopathy, neuropathy.

Transmission: Direct contact or droplet spread from infected person, contact with contaminated objects.

Incubation period: 1-3 weeks

Period of communicability: Greatest during early symptoms and first 2 weeks after cough onset

Isolation: Droplet

Immunization: DTaP IM x5 doses

Manifestations: Starts with symptoms of cold. Dry hacky cough persists for 1-2 weeks and becomes more severe. Cough most often occurs at night and consists of short rapid coughs. High-pitched whoop or crowing sound that may last up to 4-6 weeks.

Treatment: Antibiotics, encourage fluids, reduce environmental factors, cool mist humidifier (thins secretions).

Complications: PNA, Otitis Media, Dehydration, Seizures in severe cases.

Tetanus

Also known as Lock Jaw

Transmission: A bacterial infection usually contracted from soils entering an area of impaired skin integrity

Incubation period: 3-21 days

Isolation: None

Immunizations:DTaP IM x5 doses

Manifestations: First sign is spasm of the jaw muscles, followed by stiffness of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, and stiffness of the abdominal muscles. Other signs include, fever, sweating, elevated BP, and rapid HR.

Treatment: Dependent on vaccination. cleansing of the wound.

Complications: Spasms of the vocal cords leading to airway obstruction, violent seizures, secondary infections from open wound.

Transmission: Respiratory secretions

Incubation: Varies with type of infection

Isolation: Droplet

Immunizations: Hib

Manifestations: Abrupt high fever; chills, HA, vomiting, nuchal rigidity, changes in neurological functioning, bulging soft spot on babies.

Treatment: Aggressive antibiotics, maintenance of ventilation, reduction of increased intracranial pressure.

Complications: Seizures, neurological deficits, hearing loss.

• An inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
• This inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
• Can be bacterial or viral (viral is more common and less severe)

An infectious viral disease causing fever and a red rash on the skin, typically occuring in childhood.

Transmission: usually by direct contact with droplets of infected persons; Primarily in winter.

Incubation period: 8-12 days

Periods of Communicability: From 4 days before rash appears to 4 days after rash appears.

Isolation: airborne

Immunization: MMR SQ x2 doses. First dose after 12 months old

Manifestations: Prodromal: fever and malaise, cough and Koplik's spots (small, irregular red spots with a minute bluish/white center seen inside of cheeks). Rash: appears 3-4 days after onset of prodromal stage. Red flat rash that begins on the face and spreads downward.

Treatment: Bedrest, antipyretics, antibiotics

Complications: Ear infections, PNA, obstructive laryngitis and encephalitis.

Transmission:Direct contact with or droplet spread from an infected person.

Incubation period: 16-18 days

Period of communicability: Most communicable immediately before and after swelling begins.

Isolation: Droplet

Immunization: MMR SQ x2 doses, after 12 months old

Manifestations: Prodromal: Fever, HA, malaise, loss of appetite, earache aggravated by chewing. Parotid glands (unilateral or bilateral) enlarges and reaches maximum size in 1-3 days, accompanied by pain and tenderness.

Treatment: Analgesics, antipyretics. IV fluids if child is refusing to drink, soft foods that are easy to swallow.

Complications: meningitis (most common), hearing loss and orchitis (swelling of testicles), in adult males can cause sterility.

Transmission: Nasopharyngeal secretions with apparent or unapparent infection

Incubation: 14-12 days

Period of communicability: 2-3 days before or 7 days after appearance of rash

Isolation: Droplet

Immunization: MMR SQ x2 doses after 12 months old

Manifestations: Occasional low grade fever, HA, malaise, and sore throat. Rash: First appears on the face and rapidly spreads downward to neck, arms, trunk, and legs. By end of first day, whole body is covered in pinkish-red flat rash. Disappears in the same order as it began and is usually gone by third day.

Treatment: Antipyretics, Analgesics

Complications: Rare. Most benign of all childhood communicable diseases. Teratogenic effects on the fetus are most serious.

Pregnant women should note take care of these patients (can cause birth defects).

Transmission: Direct contact with person with apparent or unapparent active infection. Spread via oral and pharyngeal routes.

Incubation period: 1-2 weeks

Period of communicability: Unknown. Virus presents in throat and feces shortly after infection and persists for about 1 week in throat and 4-6 weeks in feces.

Isolation: Droplet

Immunization: IVP (Inactivated poliovirus vaccine)

Manifestations: Inapparent fever, sore throat, HA, vomiting, abdominal pain. Nonparalytic: same as inapparent but more severe with pain and stiffness in neck, back and legs. Paralytic: Same as nonparalytic, followed by recovery and then signs of CNS paralysis.

Treatment: Bedrest, encourage fluids during inapparent stages. PT for nonparalytic or paralytic stages.

Complications: Permanent paralysis, kidney stones from demineralization of bone during prolonged immobility.

Scarlet Fever

Transmission: Direct contact with infected person or droplet spread. Contact with contaminated objects.

Incubation period: 2-5 days

Period of communicability: Approx. 10-14 days

Isolation: Droplet

Immunization: None

Manifestations: Abrupt high fever, tachycardia, sore throat, vomiting, HA, chills, malaise, deep red rash that is slightly raised and feels like sandpaper and is more prominent in folds of joints, strawberry tongue.

Treatment: Antibiotics, rest, antipyretics, analgesics, encourage fluids.

Complications: Otitis media, glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever

Commonly called strep- with the exceptions of the rash. Have the same epidemiology, features, symptoms, and treatment.

Fifth Disease

(Erythema Infectiosum)

Transmission: Respiratory secretions (viral)

Incubation period: 4-21 days

Period of communicability: Uncertain, but before onset of symptoms

Isolation: None. Pregnant women should not care for these patients.

Immunization: None

Manifestations: redness on face, chiefly cheeks for a "slapped face" appearance, rash progresses to upper and lower extremities. Lasts approximately 1 week. May subside and reappear with exposure to heat or cold.

Treatment: Antipyretics, analgesics

Complications: Arthritis, anemia, fetal death.

Transmission: Unknown (Viral)

Incubation period: 2 weeks

Period of communicability: Unknown

Isolation: None

Immunization: None

Manifestations: Abrupt high fever (103-105), rosey pink rash appears on trunk, face and extremities. Usually limited to children between 6 months and 3 years old.

Several days of fever then rash appears

Treatment: Antipyretics, bed rest, encourage fluids

Complications: Febrile seizures

Given orally x2-3 doses not before 6 weeks of age

Leading cause of severe diarrhea in children

A serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the liver. Can cause life long infection, cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death.

Transmitted when blood, semen, or another body fluid from another person infected with the virus enters the body of someone not infected. Can happen through sexual contact, sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment. Or from mother to baby at birth.

Vaccine administered to all babies shortly after birth.

A contagious virus that can cause gastroenteritis. Symptoms include sever watery diarrhea, often with vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain.

Vaccine given orally x2-3 doses not before 6 weeks of age

Haemophilius influenza type B

(Hib)

A serious disease caused by bacteria. Usually effects children under 5 years old.

Can cause meningitis, PNA, severe swelling in the throat, infections of the blood, joints, bones, and covering the heart, and death.

Vaccine x3-4 doses given at 2m, 4m, and 12m