1. Hate Speech
2. Obscenity
3. Copyrighted Material (infringed)
4. Libel
5. Untrue Advertising
6. Privacy Torts (Appropriation, Intrusion, Pbulicity to Private Facts, False Light)

1. Common Law
2. The Law of Equity
3. Statutory Law
4. Constitutional Law
5. Executive Orders and Administrative Rules

1. Judicial Branch-decides cases which interpret the law
2. Executive Branch-Executive Orders and Admin Ruling
3. Legislative Branch-Passing Law which are signed by President

1. Federal Courts--Limited
2. State Courts--General

1. Originial Intent
2. Ad Hoc Balancing Test
3. Marketplace of Ideas Theory (Truth Sticks)

1. Traditional Public Forum
2. Designated Public Forum
3. Nonpublic Forum
4. Private Property

1. An average person, applying contemporary local community standards, finds that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to prurient interest.
2. The work depicts in a patently offensive way sexual conduct specifically defined by applicable state law.
3. Th work in question lack serious literary artistic political or scientific value. (SLAPS)

1. A statement of fact
2. That is published
3. Of and concering the Plaintiff
4. That is defamatory
5. That is false
6. For which the Defendant is at fault
7. (Public figures must prove actual malice)

1. Actual knowledge of falsity (lying), or,
2. Published with a "reckless disregard" for the truth.

1. Directed at an individual or group, and
2. Are likely to inflict emotional harm and/or trigger immediate violence

1. Intended to, and
2. Likely to
3. Incite or produce immediate illegal activity or violence

1. Using a person's name, picture, likeness, voice or identity
2. For advertising or other commercial purposes
3. Without permission

1. There is a reasonable expectation of privacy, and an
2. Intentional intrusion on the privacy
3. That would be highly offensive to a reasonable person

1. The publicizing of
2. Private, intimate facts,
3. That would be highly embarrassing to a reasonable person, and
4. Are not of legitmate concern to the public.

1. Publicizing
2. False Facts
3. About someone who is identified
4. That would be highly offensive to a reasonable person; and
5. Act intentionally, recklessly, or negligently

1. Defendant's intentional or reckless conduct
2. Was extreme and outrageous--beyond the bounds of decency tolerated in civilized society
3. Involving actual malice, if the plaintiff is a public figure, and
4. Caused the plaintiff's severe emotional distress

1. The defendant had a duty to use due care
2. Negligently breached that duty
3. Causing the plaintiff's severe emotional distress, and
4. The breach was the proximate cause of the plaintiff's emotional distress

                                                               i.      Continuance or delay or trial (move the trial to a later time)

                                                             ii.      Change of venue

                                                            iii.      Sequestration of jury (protect from media coverage)

                                                           iv.      Extensive voir dire (questioning the jury to find a jury that is fair)

                                                             v.      Gag orders

                                                           vi.      Witness protection

                                                          vii.      Instructions to the jury

                                                        viii.      Retrial

                                                           ix.      Limitations on media attendance

• Signed by President Johnson in 1966
• Disclosure, not secrecy, is the objective

1. National Security
2. Internal agency rules and procedures
3. Statutory exemptions (other laws forbiding disclosure)
4. Trade secrets
5. Agency memos (protects decision making process)
6. Personal privacy
7. Law Enforcement records
8. Financial Records
9. Geological Data