Term
Black alder
Alnus glutinosa
Betulaceae (Birch family)
FACW
- invasive |
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Definition
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Term
white cedar / arborvitae
Thuja occidentalis
Oleaceae (olive family)
FACU |
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Definition
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Term
Tree-of-heaven
Ailanthus altissima
Simaroubaceae
UPL - NCNE
FACU - EM, MW
- always even paired leaves, not one at the end
- horrible smelling
- glandular teeth at end of leaf base |
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Definition
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Term
smooth sumac
Rhus glabra
UPL
Anacardiaceae
native
- leaflet at end of leaf |
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Definition
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Term
American elm
Ulmus americana
Ulmaceae (elm family)
FACW
native
- vase form
differentiate from slippery/red elm by:
- pale brown layers in bark
- not red buds
- scabrous underside of leaf
- branches lower on trunk |
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Definition
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Term
Red/slippery elm
Ulmus rubra
Ulmaceae (elm family)
FAC
- vase form
differentiate from American elm by:
- no layers in bark
- red buds
- rough underside of leaf
- branches higher on trunk
- generally grow in drier places but can also be in wet places |
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Definition
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Term
Scotch/Wych elm
Ulmus glabra
Ulmaceae (elm family)
FACU - NCNE, MW
UPL - EM
non-native
- this elm tree is very rare to encounter in MI/OH and looks very similar to other elm species other than the samara lacking cilia (is hairless) |
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Definition
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Term
Chinese elm
Ulmus parviflora
Ulmaceae (elm family)
non-native
UPL
- shiny, nearly glabrous leaves
- very different bark from other elms |
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Definition
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Term
Siberian elm
Ulmus pumila
Ulmaceae (elm family)
non-native
FACU - EM, NCNE
UPL - MW
- very small, shiny, glabrous leaves
- looks like U. parviflora, but has more sharply acute leaves |
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Definition
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Term
rock elm
Ulmus thomasii
Ulmaceae (elm family)
native
FAC - MW, NCNE
FACU - EM
- distinctive winged corky bark
- cannot be distingushed from U. americana unless winged corky bark is present
- when growing in the open, leaves are strongly downturned |
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Definition
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Term
white/silver poplar
Populus alba
Saliaceae
UPL
- in MI not OH
- dense white pubescence on underside of leaves and petiole |
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Definition
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Term
balsam poplar
Populus balsamifera
Saliaceae
FACW
-OH, MI
- sandy dunes, swamps
- buds and twigs are reddish brown compared to PODE which are yellowish brown. |
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Definition
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Term
swamp cottonwood
Populus heterophylla
Saliaceae
OBL
- rounded leaves with small teeth, always found in very wet areas |
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Definition
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Term
eastern cottonwood
Populus deltoides
Saliaceae
native
FAC
- very diamond-shaped leaves
- glands prominent at junction of blade and petiole
- the margin of leaves usually ciliate, especially in younger species and on teeth |
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Definition
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Term
Lombardy poplar
Populus nigra
Saliaceae
non-native
UPL
- very similar to PODE, but margins of leaves always glabrous
- glands absent at junction of blade and petiole (present in PODE) |
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Definition
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Term
bigtooth aspen
Populus grandientata
Saliaceae
native
FACU
- common in sandy soils
- usually distinguishable from P. tremuloides by coarsely toothed leaves and pubescent buds
- hybrids do exist between P. grandientata and P. tremuloides |
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Definition
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Term
quaking aspen
Populus tremuloides
Saliaceae
native
FAC - MW, EM
FACU - NCNE
- nearly ubitquitous
- differentiate from P. grandientata by less big teeth and glabrous buds |
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Definition
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Term
bald cypress / southern bald cypress
Taxodium distichum
Taxodiaceae (baldcypress family)
OBL
- deciduous conifer
- no others in genus |
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Definition
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Term
American basswood / linden
Tilia americana
Tiliaceae
FACU
- only one in genus in OH
- alternate, ovate leaves, off-center at bottom
- Tilia cordata, little leaf linden, found rarely in MI |
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Definition
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Term
American beech
Fagus grandifolia
Fagaceae (beech family)
FACU
- alternate lvs
- bare bark
- no others in genus |
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Definition
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Term
blue beech / American hornbeam / musclewood / ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
Betulaceae (birch family)
FAC
- birch like leaves
- distinctive bark
- only one in genus |
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Definition
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Term
yellow birch
Betula alleghaniensis
Betulaceae (birch tree)
FAC
- commonly confused with Betula lenta (black/sweet birch) which is more commonly found in uplands |
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Definition
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Term
black / sweet bitch
Betula lenta
Betulaceae (birch family)
FACU
- commonly confused with yellow birch Betula alleghaniensis which grows in wetter places and smells less like wintergreen
- strong wintergreen smell |
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Definition
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Term
bog / dwarf birch
betula pumila (betula x purpusii looks similar)
Betulaceae (birch family)
OBL
- grows up to 3m
- calciphile in bogs and fens |
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Definition
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Term
river birch
Betula nigra
Betulaceae (birch family)
FACW
- distinctive bark |
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Definition
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Term
paper birch / white birch / canoe birch
Betula papyrifera
Betulaceae (birch family)
FACU
native
- white bark
- has hairs on bottom of leaf blade on lateral veins
- B. pendula and B. populifolia are glabrous
- B. pubescens has more hair |
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Definition
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Term
European white birch / weeping birch
Betula pendula
Betulaceae (birch family)
FACU
non-native
- differentiate from B. papyrifera/pubescens by glabrous leaves
- differentiate from B. populifera by shorter, squarer leaves |
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Definition
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Term
silver birch / gray birch /
Betula populifolia
Betulaceae (birch family)
FAC
native
- differentiate fro B. paprifera/pubescens by glabrous leaves
- differentiate from B. pendula by longer, thinner leaves |
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Definition
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Term
downy birch
Betula pubescens
Betulaceae (birch family)
non-native
FAC - EM
FACW - NCNE
FACU - MW
- hairier leaves than other birches
- not in MI |
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Definition
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Term
blackhaw
Viburnum prunifolium
Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family)
FACU
native
- most widely distributed viburnum in Ohio
- opposite lvs |
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Definition
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Term
box elder / ash-leaf maple
Acer negundo
Aceraceae (maple family)
native
FAC
- only compound maple |
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Definition
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Term
ohio buckeye
Aesculus glabra
Hippocastanaceae (horsechestnut family)
native
FAC - MW, NCNE
FACU - EM
- differentiate from horsechestnut by generally fewer, smaller leaflets
- differentiate from yellow buckeye by spiny fruit |
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Definition
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Term
yellow buckeye
Aesculus flava
Hippocastanaceae (horsechestnut family)
native
FACU
- differentiate from horsechestnut by generally fewer, smaller leaflets
- differentiate from Ohio buckeye by smooth fruit husk (in spring), more rectangular bark |
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Definition
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Term
horsechestnut
Aesculus hippocastanum
Hippocastanaceae (horsechestnut family)
native
not in wetlands, UPL
- differentiate from buckeyes by generally having 7, learger leaflets and very spiny brown fruit husk |
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Definition
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Term
common buckthorn / European buckthorn
Rhamnus cathartica
Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family)
non-native
- not glossy leaves like Frangula alnus and has teeth on margins
- tell apart from native alder buckthorn by opposite lvs and habitat |
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Definition
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Term
alder buckthorn
Rhamnus alnifolia
Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family)
native
OBL
- tell apart from eurasion species by alternate leaves (other than R. lanceolata)
- grows in wet, calcium-rich environments
- small teeth at end of leaf, no thorn at end of twig
- F. caroliniana is a another native buckthorn with alternate leaves that is only in southern OH |
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Definition
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Term
lanceleaf buckthorn
Rhamnus lanceolata
Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family)
native
FAC - EM
FACW - MW, NCNE
- alternate leaved similar to alder leaved buckthorn |
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Definition
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Term
glossy false buckthorn
Frangula alnus
Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family)
non-native
FAC - EM, NCNE
FACW - MW
- differentiate from common buckthorn by glossiness and a lack of teeth of the margin of the leaf
- be careful it is not a native buckthorn (basically, alternate leaved ones are native)
- there are other minor populations of rare rhamnus, frangula species |
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Definition
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Term
black walnut
Juglans nigra
Juglandaceae
FACU
native
- can be found in uplands or lowlands though
- other in genus is butternut
- differentiate by pith pale (dark in butternut); fruit spherical (oblong in butternut); terminal leaflet absent or much smaller than the adjacent lateral leaflets. |
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Definition
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Term
butternut, white walnut
Juglans cinerea
FACU
Juglandaceae
native
- prefers bottomlands, ravines
- other in genus is black walnut
- differentiate by pith dark chocolate brown (white/cream in black walnut); fruit (also the nut within) ovoid-oblong (spherical in black walnut); terminal leaflet present on mature leaves (not in black walnut). |
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Definition
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