Term
| What fx is perpendicular to the shaft of the bone? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which fx occus w/twisting force? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fx involves more than 2 fx fragments? 2 separate breaks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fx involves ligament or tendon dislodging a bone fragment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of fx involves bone fragments driven into each other? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 type of children fx? Which is most common |
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Definition
| torus: most common, greenstick |
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Term
| What is a buckle fx of one cortex? |
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Definition
| torus- most common in children |
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Term
| What is an incomplete fx w/angular deformity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs w/fx and abrasion or skin laceration? |
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Definition
| open fx: surgical emergency! |
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Term
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Definition
| always orthopaedic emergency- or w/in 6 hrs |
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Term
| What is the initial goal of fx management? |
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Definition
| re-align w/reduction, casting, or sx |
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Term
| Which salter harris are most difficult to see on x-ray? |
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Definition
| 1 and 5. if signs of fx but can't see it, tx as fx |
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Term
| how do you tx salter harris 1&2? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you tx salter harris 3-4? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you tx salter-harris 5? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 types of phalanx fx- distal? usually what type of injury? |
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Definition
| tuft, shaft, intra-articular. crush. |
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Term
| pt has swelling and tenderness over distal phalanx w/subungual hematoma and deformity: what test do you order? what fx do you suspect? how do you tx? |
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Definition
| phalanx fx-distal. subungal hematoma- tuft. test: hand series x-rays. tx: splinting, possible sx |
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Term
| What is the most common hand fx? |
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Definition
| boxer's fx: distal metaphysis of 5th metacarpal |
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Term
| Pt has swelling and tenderness on 5th metacarpal after punching a wall. what do you suspect; how do you tx? |
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Definition
| boxer's fx: metatphysis of 5th metacarpal: ulnar gutter cast, sx |
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Term
| Where does a bennett's fx occur? |
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Definition
| *intra-articular* oblique fx/dislocation of base of 1st metacarpal. |
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Term
| What is a fx where small fragment of 1st metacarpal continues to articulate w/trapezium? |
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Definition
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Term
| pt fell on outstretched hand and now has pain and swelling at base of thumb. what do you suspect? what do you order? how do you tx? |
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Definition
| bennett's fx, hand series x-rays, tx: surgery (casting) |
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Term
| What is the most common injured carpal bone? in what population is it common? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does snuffbox tenderness indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| which part of scaphoid is most commonly injured? where do you worry about avn? |
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Definition
| middle. the more proximal, oblique, or displaced, the more likely for avn. |
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Term
| Pt has hyperextension of wrist from fall on outstretched hand w/axial load to thumb metacarpal. pt now has swelling and pain on radial side of wrist. what do you suspect? how do you confirm suspicion? how do you tx? |
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Definition
| scaphoid fx. snuffbox tenderness. must worry about ligament injury if high impact injury. pa and lateral, scaphoid view x-ray, possible mri. thumb spica, possible sx depending on placement of fx |
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Term
| what is teh difference btwn colley and smith? |
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Definition
| colley dorsally displaced. smith vollarly displaced. colley outstretched, smith hand folded in. |
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Term
| After falling on outstretched arm, pt has swelling and pain at wrist/forearm, deformity, skin injury. what do you suspect, how do you test? how might you tx? |
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Definition
| distal radius fx. ap, lateral, oblique x-rays of forearm to include the wrist. stable: reduction if needed, short arm cast. unstable: open fx needs debridementa nd abx. sx if more than 20 deg of angulation, intra-articular involvement, comminuted, or more than 1 cm shortening |
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Term
| What should you assess w/forearm and distal radius fx? |
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Definition
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Term
| pt falls on outstretched arm w/tenderness in forearm. what do you suspect, how do you test, how do you tx? |
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Definition
| forearm fx. forearm x-ray, jt above and below. tx: open- debridement and abx; closed-reduction if needed, long arm cast. |
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Term
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Definition
| fat pads in elbow: ant nml, post abnml: elbow fx. |
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Term
| What is the most common elbow fx in children btwn ages 2-12? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what type of elbow fx is nn damage likely? which nn most likely? |
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Definition
| extension type (96%) radial>median>ulnar nn |
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Term
| In what pt population are elbow fx's common? |
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Definition
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Term
| which parts of elbow most commonly fx? |
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Definition
| supracondylar>lateral condyle of distal humerus>medial epicondyle |
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Term
| pt presents w/swelling, pain, deformity, to elbow: what do you suspect, how do you test, how do you tx? |
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Definition
| elbow fx: eval nurovascular supply, distal pulses, cap refill. ap, lateral, oblique x-rays of elbow, post fat pad associated w/elbow fx. tx: if non-displaced, immobilize w/cast. if displaced, possible pinning. |
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Term
| What is the neer classification of proximal humerus fx? |
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Definition
| 1: head. 2: greater tubercle. 3 lesser tubercle. 4: shaft. |
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Term
| How well do humerus fx usually heal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What other injuries should you check for w/humerus fx? |
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Definition
| radial, median, ulnar, and axillary injury; check radial pulse and cap refill |
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Term
| what is the most common tibial fx? |
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Definition
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Term
| how should you test for humerus fx? |
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Definition
| shoulder series x-rays to include axillary view if proximal, include shoulder and elbow jts |
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Term
| how are the majority of humerus fx tx? |
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Definition
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Term
| when is sx required for humerus fx? |
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Definition
| if over 20 deg of angulation w/shaft fx and over 45 deg if proximal, open, nv injury, or if 3/4 part proximal fx, 2 part if more than 1cm separation |
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Term
| What is the most common bony injury? which part is most common? |
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Definition
| clavicle. middle 3rd most common>lateral third>medial |
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Term
| for what should you check w/clavicle fx? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you test for clavicle fx? |
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Definition
| clavicle series x-rays, medial fx are most difficult to see on x-rays, so possible ct |
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Term
| what abnormality is common w/clavicle fx? |
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Definition
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Term
| with what amt of clear space in ankle do you tx sx? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you tx clavicle fx? |
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Definition
| sling; open fx/nv injury: sx |
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Term
| what is the most common fx of foot? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of proximal femur fx leads to disruption of blood supply to the femoral head which can lead to nonunion and osteonecrosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of proximal femur fx has lower rates of nonunion and osteonecrosis b/c blood supply to femoral head is not disrupted, but implant failure is more of a problem? |
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Definition
| intertrochanetric (extracapsular hip fx) |
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Term
| what are risk factors for proximal femur fx/ |
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Definition
| elderly, caucasian women, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, etoh-, dementia |
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Term
| 1)hardest bone to break? 2)highest amt of occurance in sports: stress fx? 3) easiest place to stress an area? 4) highest nonunion rate |
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Definition
| 1)femur. 2)tibia. 3) 5th metatarsal. 4)tibial (bone stem genereates blood/nn supply to area) |
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