Term
| Wet age related macular degeneration is a sudden or gradual pathologic process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of blindness among working people in developed countries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prevalence of DR in the diabetic population? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what stage do we see neovascularization in the retina during DR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what stage of DR does the eye start to get ischemic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vascular tortuosity and cotton-wool spots are found during what stage of DR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is tractional retinal detachment? |
|
Definition
| occurs when fibrous or fibrovascular tissue, caused by an injury, inflammation or neovascularization, pulls the sensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium. |
|
|
Term
| What is end-stage diabetic eye disease known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After what age should we start having annual eye exams? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of cataracts in diabetics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the earliest that glaucoma in a patient is usually detected? |
|
Definition
| unfortunately not very soon/ until 90% loss of VF or very high IOP leading to pain |
|
|
Term
| What is the age group in which you commonly find Giant Cell arteritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transient mononuclear visual loss in GCA (when everything goes black) is also known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do we do a biopsy of the temporal artery for patients with suspected GCA? |
|
Definition
| Within a week of starting steroid therapy |
|
|
Term
| Since skip lesions in GCA mean a particular segment of the temporal artery may not have giant cells, what else do we look for to confirm it's GCA? |
|
Definition
| disruption of the internal elastic lamina |
|
|
Term
| What is the gender breakdown of thyroid-related eye disease cases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characterize the pathology of Thyroid Eye Disease? |
|
Definition
| activated T cells infiltrate orbital contents, producing infiltrates that cause fibroblastic changes--> lead to enlargement of EOM and deposition of fat and connective tissue in the orbit |
|
|
Term
| What do the fibroblasts produce that cause EOM enlargment? |
|
Definition
| glycosylaminoglycans (GAG's) |
|
|
Term
| In the quiescent stage of Thyroid Eye Disease, what is the appearance of the eye? |
|
Definition
| It is white (normal-looking), but it is abnormally tethered and does not move properly |
|
|
Term
| What are the five main clinical manifestations of thyroid eye disease? |
|
Definition
SPOFE
Soft tissue involvement
Proptosis
Optic neuropathy
Fibrosed muscles
Eyelid Retraction |
|
|
Term
| When we refer to soft tissue involvement in Thyroid eye disease, what are some examples? |
|
Definition
| lacrimation (watery eyes), photophobia, and chemosis (edema of the conjunctiva) |
|
|
Term
| When do we do surgery to fix eyelid retraction in Thyroid eye disease patient? |
|
Definition
| when both the eyelid retraction and thyroid are stable |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of unilateral and bilateral of proptosis in adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the potential sequelae of failing to deal with retracted eyelid? |
|
Definition
| severe exposure keratopathy and corneal ulceration |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of eye patients have optic neuropathy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two early signs of optic neuropathy? |
|
Definition
| visual field defects (scotomas) and loss of colour vision |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common eye movement defect in TED patients? |
|
Definition
| defect in elevation due to fibrosis of inferior rectus tethering eye |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of TED patients develop eye movement problems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is retinal vein occlusion painful or painless, and what are the two signs? |
|
Definition
| painless/ VF loss and loss of vision |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common thing you see in a patient with central retinal artery occlusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common untreatable cause of visual loss in the elderly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of macular degeneration, and what feature is very indicative of that type? |
|
Definition
| Dry type/ look for drusens |
|
|
