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| typically refer to membership in social categories--such as sex, race, age, or profession--that are believed to be associated with certain trait and behaviors; information-processing strategy |
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| Out-group homogenity effect |
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| is the tendency for people to see members of an out-group as less diverse and more stereotypic than the members of that group see themselves |
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| refers to a belief that one racial group is superior to others and that other racial groups are necessarily inferior; belief in the moral or intellectual superiority of one race over the others; biological |
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| occurs when we sense that some aspect of our self (behavior, physical charac, social condition) seems to match the stereotype, making it appear valid |
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| Ethnocentric attributional bias (205) |
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Definition
| people percieve wgat tgey regard as some negative act performed by a member of an out-group, they attribute such behavior to some internal disposition possessed by the out-group member; yet positive act situational |
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| study of stereotype and prejudice w/ 84 terms to associate with 10 ethnic groups, consistent for blacks (negative) and jews |
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| the perceived and/or actual incompatibility of values, expectations, processes, or outcomes between two or more parties over substantive and/or relational issues and extends it to apply to interactions where the parties are from differnt cultural, racial, and ethnic groups |
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| communication strategies employed to manage one's own face or to support or challenge another's face |
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| a low context culture is one in which the mass of information is in the explicit code |
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| China, the conflict issue and the persons involved are typically connected |
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| Mexican Managment Practices |
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Definition
| free economy; group oriented; harmony; work early frowned; never confrontational to boss; large power distance; high uncertainty; |
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| cultures generally attribute illness to one of four cases 1) factors within the individual, bad eating/exercise habits, 2)factors within the natural environment, air , and water pollution; 3) societal factors, such as intergroup conflict, poor health care facilities; 4) supernatural factors, including religious beliefs, fate, and indigenous beliefs |
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| marked by a reduction in one's physical and mental health; (immigrants) |
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| is the process whereby you adapt to a new culture by adopting its values, attitudes, and practices; process of adapting to a new culture |
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| acculturation is not unilateral; it is an interactive process between a culture and groups of people |
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| is a multifaceted experience resulting from the stress associated with entering a new culture |
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| tendency for any people to put their own group in a position of centrality and worth while creating and reinforcing negative attitudes and behaviors toward out-groups; refers to degree to which one sees his or her culture as superior and the standard by which other cultures should be judged; blood, history, nationality, religion, geography; innately human |
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Definition
| medium length of time (6mon-5yrs) in another country. expects to go home ex: business executives, diplomats, foreign workers, students; not tourists, immigrants |
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| an emotional reaction to the problems of joining a new culture |
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| culture shock begins with feelings of optimism and even elation that eventually give way to frustration, tension, and anxiety as individuals are unable to interact effectively with their new environment |
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| interest in culture, honeymoon, positive reaction to stress, euphoria, photographs |
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| confusion, frustration, preoccupation with cleanliness, lack of control, fatigue, stress/anxiety, depression, paranoia |
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Definition
| problem-solving skills, conflict resolution, appreciation of host culture, intercultual relationships |
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| Adaptation/Acculturation (U) |
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Definition
| bicultural identity, constructive responses, stable adaptations, personal growth |
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| Personality traits and adaptation |
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Definition
| openness, fleixible personalities, optimism, not ethnocentric |
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| Predictors of successful transition |
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Definition
| 1) use of local mass media, 2) a local friend who speaks English, 3) realistic expectations of your ability to fit in, 4)knowledge of local customs and language |
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Term
| W-Shaped Model of Culture Shock |
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Definition
| honeymoon, hostility, humor, in-sync, ambivilance, reentry, resocialization |
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Term
| Re-entry and socialization |
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Definition
| Business managers returness classified often into 1) resocialized 2)alienated 3)proactive; The effects associated with the tension and anxiety of returning to one's native culture after an extended stay in a foreign culture |
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| Berry's Model of Adaptation |
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Definition
ethnic identity, strong, weak
strong, 2)bicultural identity, 1)ethnicoriented identity
weak, 3)assimilated idenity, 4)marginal identity |
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Term
| Ethnocentrism (definition) |
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Definition
| once elements of ethnocentrism work their way into society, they become widely accepted as normal; leads to individual explanations of social problems and ignores structural constraints |
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| Ethnocentrism (positive functions) |
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Definition
a) protect culture/way of life
b) maintain uniqueness of cultures
c) point of pride in family, community and ethnic heritage |
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Term
| Ethnocentrism (negative functions) |
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Definition
| 1) biologically inferior, 2)morally corrupt, 3) dehumanizing, 4)civilization, 5)ideological camouflage 6)political denial |
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| Ethnocentrism (combating) |
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Definition
-internationalism/world mindedness
-concern for others
-openness
-tolerance and altruism |
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| Ethnocentrism (acculturation) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the perceived and/or actual incompatibility of values, expectations, processes, or outcomes between two or more parties over substantive and/or relational issues; extend it to apply to interactions where the parties are from different cultural, racial, and ethnic groups |
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| 5 verbal strategies by Swazis |
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Definition
| postpone meetings, sympathy, counter proposal, small country, silence |
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Definition
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| degree to whcih you see yourslef as relatively autonomous from or connected to others |
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| Self Construal (Independent) |
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Definition
| dominate, integrate and compromise |
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| Self Construal (Interdependent) |
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| avoid, 3rd party, oblige, compromise |
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Definition
| Dominate, Integrating, Compromising, Obliging, Avoiding, Third Party help |
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| win-lose, high concern for self, low concern for others, direct and assertive |
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high conern for self and others
open and direct exchange of information |
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moderate concern for self and others
sharing and exchanging information |
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Definition
One party plays down differences and emphasizing commonalities
needs of others over self |
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Definition
low concern for self and others in U.S.
in some collective cultures, appropriate style to enhance harmony of relationships |
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Definition
asking others to intercede in conflict
conflict triangle
collectivist: good strategy
Individualist: problem causing strategy |
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indv: dominating and integrating
coll: oblige, avoid, third party |
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| culture NOT always est predictor of style choices ; self construal better |
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| one group believes they are innatel superior (Nazis) |
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people justify their actions through the creation of ideologies and "science"
Eugenics
Slavery
Syphilis Experiments in Guatemala |
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| (native americans)(south africa)(fgm) one group takes upon itself because to "civilize: inferior |
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| government denies any involvement or responsibility to the other group |
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| biases against certain races, ethnicities, cultures, and people groups |
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one group feels that anther is inferior, not truly human
justification of poor treatment of other groups because they are inhuman |
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