Term
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Definition
*does not involve spoken or written language-relies on nonlinguistic means to transmit messages
*spoken words always accompanied by bodily actions
*carries message of agreement, disbelief,___ |
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Term
| intercultural nonverbal communication |
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Definition
•each culture has its own body language
o even if some gestures, like the handshake, may cross cultural boundaries
•if people believe that the language of gestures is universal, their usage can cause unexpected misunderstandings and even painful situations |
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Term
| types of nonverbal behavior |
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Definition
1. body/kinesic behavior
2. physical qualities
3. touching behavior
4. paralanguage
5. proximity
6. artifacts
7. environmental factors
8. time |
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Term
| importance of nonverbal communication |
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Definition
•nonverbal communication constitutes an important part of our everyday social interaction
•Analyses of the amount of meaning transmitted through facial expressions and paralanguage (vocal volume..) compared to actual words led to following results
•the importance of nonverbal communication varies with the situation |
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Term
| characteristics of nonverbal communication |
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Definition
1. not pancultural (do not carry meaning across cultures)
2. culturally acquired
3. socially important |
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Term
| functions of nonverbal communication |
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Definition
functions in three imortant ways
1. it supports verbal communication
2. nonverbal communication conveys emotions
3. suggests immediacy, which means it creates positive feelings |
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Term
| nonverbal comm supports verbal communication... |
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Definition
•repeat: point of dirty spot on coat
•Substitute: pointing the spot but not talking about it
•Emphasizes: someone grabs you by the shirt and says “don’t fool with me”
•Contradict verbal messages: saying “don’t fool with me” while smiling
•Regulates: someone looks away to signal “lets talk about something else” |
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Term
| nonverbal communication conveys emotion |
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Definition
•we can read someone’s emotions by observing facial expressions, change of voice, certain body movements…
•but it is difficult to read the emotions of ppl from other cultures |
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Term
| nonverbal communication suggests immediacy... |
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Definition
• it uses “approach messages”: a wave of the hand means “you can talk with me”
•it signals the availability for talking: moving close to another, facing the person, establishing eye contact…
•it is used to increase sensory stimulation: eye contact, touching, close proximity
arouse phsyciological and psychological processes that stimulate interaction |
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Term
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Definition
| different movements can be used to convey the same message. they transmit a variety of messages- convey emotions, carry info about personality |
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Term
| five classes of body movements |
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Definition
1. emblems
2. illustrators
3. affect displays
4. regulators
5. adapters |
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Term
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Definition
movements that bring words and phrases to the observers mind and are translatable into specific wors
• the nod with head= yes or no |
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Term
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Definition
directly linked to verbal messages but do not stand for words like emblems do
• the outline of a girlish figure that men draw in the air |
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Term
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Definition
they reflect the intensity of emotions and feelings
• like kissing or the facial expressions of anger |
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Term
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Definition
these body movements control speaking
• decreasing loudness to signalize that the listener should get ready to speak |
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Term
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Definition
unintentional body movements in reaction to stress
• restless movements, twirling of pencil |
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Term
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Definition
• many people think that eyes are receivers of information and are not aware which signals they transmit
• during conversations, how we look others in the eyes and look away can make the difference between communication success and embarrassment
•-> cultural varioations in eye contact can cause awkward feelings, thus leading to less effective communication processes |
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Term
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Definition
* physically attractive ppl more socially desireable, even if the definitiion of "attractiveness" differs between cultures. success, popularity, sociability, and even happiness seem to come easier to more attractive
*attractive people more persuasive and higher influence
*body shape
*skin color and tone |
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Term
| physical touch and cultural differences*** |
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Definition
• Two general classes exist among the cultures with respect to touch
o *Contact cultures allow much contact*
o *Noncontact cultures permit little contact*
• People in contact cultures communicate in closer proximity to each other |
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Term
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Definition
*each culture has its own concept of time
*in many cultures relationships come before schedule (latin, middle east) *cutures such as american give priority to schedules |
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Term
| reasons for culutral differences in how time is perceived |
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Definition
o In western cultures, time is seen in linear terms; the present is only a station between the past and the future
o For other cultures the present is more important |
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Term
| physical touch continuim******* |
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Definition
| (least) japan-usa-england-northern europe-france-china-india-ireland-spain, portugal- greece-latin america- middle east (most touch) |
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