Term
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Definition
| concept of who we are, characteristics of identity may be understood differently depending on the perspectives that people take, for example- social science, interpretive, or critical perspectives |
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Term
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Definition
| Impression management theory- the ways by which the individuals attempt to control the impressions others have of them |
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Term
| three IC perspecitives with identity |
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Definition
| social science, interpretive, critical |
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Term
| Social Science Perspective w/ identity |
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Definition
| identity created by self (by relating to the groups. emphasizes individualized, familial, and spiritual self |
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Term
| interpretive perspective w/ indentity |
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Definition
| identity formed through communication with others, emphasizes avowal and ascribed dimensions |
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Term
| critical perspective w/ identity |
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Definition
| identity shaped through, social, historical forces, emphasizes contexts and resisting ascribed identity |
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Term
| Minority identity development |
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Definition
a sense of belonging to a nondominant group
Stage 1- unexamined identity- lack of exploring
Stage 2- Conformity-strong desire to assimilate in the dominant culture
Stage 3- Resistance and Separatism- negative experiences that cause you to separate yourself
Stage 4- integreation-an achieved identity |
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Term
| major identity development |
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Definition
a sense of belonging to the dominant group
Stage 1-unexamined identity-similar to minor, but we dont think much about our identity or we dont fear the other
stage 2- acceptance-internalization of a racist/biased ideology
Stage 3-resistance-naming and blaming their pwn dominant group as a source of their problems
stage 4-redefinition-refocus their energy toward redefining their indentity in a way that recognizes their privilege and works to eliminate oppression and inequities |
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Term
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Definition
| the indentification with the cultural notions of masculinity and feminiity and what it means to be a man or a woman |
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Term
| how/when is gender identity formed? |
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Definition
we begin life with gender identity- ex-pink clothes/blue blankets
-heavily influenced by cultural notions |
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Term
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Definition
| ones identification with various categories of sexuality |
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Term
How did ‘experts’ make sense of race in the 15th and 16th centuries? The 18th and 19th
centuries? |
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Definition
15th/16th-debates centered on religious questions of whether there was "one family of man". Debates about which groups were "human" and which were "animals" pervaded popular and legal discourse and provided rational for slavery
18th/19th-scientific community tried to establish a classification system of race, based on genetics and cranial capactiy. |
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Term
| What are the reasons against a physiological and biological base for race? |
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Definition
biological-outdated, racial categories like black and white are constructed in social and historical contexts
physiological- racial categories vary widely throughout the world, distinctions between white and black are fairly rigid in the US, many people become uneasy when they are unable to categorize individuals. US laws use a variety of definitions to determine racial categories |
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Term
|
Definition
| identifying w/ a particular racial group. although in the past racial groups were classified on the basis of biological characteristics, most scientists now recognize that race is constructed in fluid social and historical contexts |
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Term
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Definition
1- a set of ideas about ones own ethnic group membership
2-sense of beloning to a particular group and knowing something about the shared experience of the group |
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Term
| What is the connection between religious identity and IC conflict? |
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Definition
| religious is often conflated with racial or ethnic identity, which makes it difficult to view religious identity simply in terms of belonging to a particular religion |
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Term
| How do we make sense of class identity in the U.S.? |
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Definition
| class disctinctions can be linked to actual behavioral practicies and preferences. food we eat, magazines we read |
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Term
| Distinguish between prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination |
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Definition
prejudice-a negative attitude toward a cultural group bases on little or no evidence
stereotypes-widely held beliefs about a group of people
discrimination- |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which an individual portrays ihimself or herself |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which others attribute identities to an indidivual |
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Term
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Definition
| view that perception is not shaped by the particular language one speaks. We all have the same range of thoughts, which we can express in different ways with different languages |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that the particular language indivudlas speak, especially the structure of the language, shapes their perception of reality and cultural patterns. Sapir-whorf |
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Term
|
Definition
a style of communication in which much of the information is contained in the contexts and nonverbal cues rather than expressed explicitly in words.
ex-people in long term relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| a style of communication in which much of the information is conveyed in words rather than nonberbal cues and contexts |
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Term
| What is a direct communication style? |
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Definition
| primary style in the US, verbal messages convey intentions/desires |
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Term
| what is indirect style of communication |
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Definition
| emphasisis on high-context and preserving relationships |
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Term
Which countries are known for using an elaborate communication style? Do U.S.
residents use an elaborate style or a succinct style? |
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Definition
-Arabic, rich and expressive langauge
-us is succinct |
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Term
| What is slang, and how can it be distinguished from ‘pidgin’? |
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Definition
| always evolving and stands in contrast to standard language. It helps define the "in grou" and must be used carefully by outsiders attempting to gain access |
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Term
| What are ‘labels’, and how can they potentially lead to IC conflict? |
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Definition
| Labels are used to define ourselves and others. Communication challenges occur when labels are assigned to us that we find challenging/insulting |
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Term
What are the terms used for speaking two languages, multiple languages, overlapping a
new language with the native language, and changing language depending on
context to accommodate or exclude others? |
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Definition
multilingual
bilingual
interlanguage-when speakers of one language are speaking another language and the native language overlaps creating a third language |
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Term
|
Definition
| laws or customs that determin when and where which language will be spoken |
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Term
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Definition
| a commonly shared language that is used as a medium of communication between people of different languages |
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Term
|
Definition
| the process of learning a language |
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Term
|
Definition
| nondominant cultural groups that exist in a national culture, such as african american or chinese american |
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Term
| What is a migrant, and what types of migrant labor exist? |
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Definition
a person who leaves her/his primary cultural context (where raised) and moves for an extended period of time.
Types of migrant labor- cheap manual labpr or highly skilled intellectual labor |
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Term
| What is the difference between a sojourner and an involuntary migrant? |
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Definition
sojourner-travelers who move into a new cultural contexts for a limited time and a specific purpose
involuntary migrant-indluce short-term refugees, forced to move for a short time |
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Term
Why is the relationship between hosts and migrants complicated? How might this
relationship lead to IC conflict? |
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Definition
migrant/host relationships are complex. host may depend on cheap labor and migrant spending while simultaneously feeling fearful or threatened
-migrants want to hold on to their own culture
-when migrants value the host culture more than their own, they assimilate |
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Term
Understand, and be able to distinguish between the different types of relationships
migrants can form (assimilation, separate, integrate, become marginalized) |
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Definition
When
migrants
value
the
host
culture
more
than
their
own,
they
assimilate.
When
migrants
value
their
heritage
culture
more
than
the
host,
they
separate.
When
migrants
value
both
the
host
and
their
heritage
culture,
they
integrate,
and
when
migrants
value
n either
their
host
nor
their
heritage
culture,
they
are
marginalized—these
choices
may
be
reinforced
by
dominant
culture |
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Term
How does the social scientific model, interpretive model, and critical model make sense
of cultural adaptation? |
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Definition
interpretive- u-curve, w-curve
critical- focus on context-some context are easier to adapt to than others and some environments are more accepting
social science- indluces 3 models- anxiety and uncertainty mangement, trasnition model and the integrative model |
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Term
|
Definition
| people who are forced to relocate permanently because of war, famine, and oppresion |
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Term
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Definition
| people who are foreced to move for a short time |
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Term
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Definition
| people who come to a new country, region, or environment to settle permanently |
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Term
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Definition
| a process by which indiduals learn the rules and customs of new culturasl contexts |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to function in daily life in many different contexts |
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Term
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Definition
| process of lessening uncertainty in adapting to a new culture by seeking information |
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Term
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Definition
| theory of cultural adaption psiting that migrants go through fairly predicabtle phases (excitement, shock) to a new cultural situation |
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Term
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Definition
| a relatively short term feeling of disorientation and discomfor due to the lack of familiar cues in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| experience the u curve again once oyu come home |
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Term
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Definition
| policy or practice of compelling groups to live apart from each otehr |
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Term
|
Definition
| experience of being between 2 or more cultural positions |
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Term
|
Definition
activities that are often the domain of the elite, or the well to do
-values are considered "timeless" and therefore worthy of study |
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Term
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Definition
| activities of the non-elite- historically considered worthy of study |
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Term
| What is the relationship between low culture and popular culture? |
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Definition
| populare culture is a re-conceptualized notion of low culture, defined as "those systems or artifacts that most people share and that most people know about" |
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Term
| Folk culture/examples of it |
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Definition
| traditional and non-mainstream cultural activities that are not financially driven, river dancing |
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Term
| Understand the four significant aspects of popular culture |
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Definition
1-produced by cultural industries
2-differs from folk culture (it is financially driven)
3- pop culture is everywhere
4-it fills a social role |
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Term
|
Definition
| popular culture messages whether television shows, movies, advertisements, or other widely disseminated messages |
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Term
| What is the relationship between cultural texts and cultural identities? |
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Definition
| certain cultural texts shouldnt be confused with cultural identities because many publications offer different viewpoints about a topic so they cant all be considered the same |
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Term
| Understand how people consume and resist popular culture |
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Definition
avoiding certain forms of popular culture is one kind of resistance, but resistance can occur in a variety of ways
1-resistance can come from an undesirable, popular construction of a cultural identity
2-resistance can be related to social rules |
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Term
| How does popular culture influence stereotypes? |
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Definition
stereotypes persist and are often perpetuated because they are profitable.
-for people who dont travel and who interact in relatively homogeneous social circle, the impact of popular culture may be even greater |
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Term
|
Definition
| the process of creating a message for others to understand |
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Term
|
Definition
| the process of interpreting a message |
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Term
|
Definition
| domination or control through media |
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Term
|
Definition
| domination or exploitation utilizing technological forms |
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Term
|
Definition
| domination through the spread of cultural products |
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Term
|
Definition
| pornographic films where women were murdered |
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Term
| Why does the author stop attending weddings in the Van Gelder article? |
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Definition
| if gay people cant get married then he is not going to go to a wedding that supports marriage |
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Term
| What are some of the benefits denied to the author and other gay or lesbian couples? |
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Definition
| taxes, healthcare benefits, deportation, hospital rites |
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Term
| How does the author’s friends respond when she decides to stop attending weddings? |
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Definition
| bad feelings on both sides and the author was defensive |
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Term
| What is meant by the following terms: intersex, transsexual, transgender? |
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Definition
intersex-there are five sexes, including this
transsexual-person born with congenital intersex condition.
transgender-describes a person who dresses and behaves that is different from their gender norm |
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Term
| How does the author define herself according to sex, gender, and sexuality? |
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Definition
| what defines the author is that her gender expression appears to be at odds with her sex |
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Term
| What is the impact of pornography on women? |
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Definition
| Pornography’s impact on women is to keep them second class. Targets of aggression and civilly inferior. |
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Term
| 1.How does the Feinberg define herself according to sex, gender, and sexuality? |
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Definition
| -She’s transgendered: born female, but her masculine gender expression is seen as male. |
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Term
| 3.What does the Feinberg mean by ‘gender freedom’? |
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Definition
| -Every person has the right to express gender in their own way. |
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Term
As a young girl, how does the Galloway feel about being deaf when she wins a sporting
event? |
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Definition
As a young girl, how does the author feel about being deaf when she wins a sporting
event? |
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Term
How does the author learn to understand people and their moods without the benefit of
sound? |
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Definition
- She enjoys watching people talk.
-She tries reading postures and imagining conversations. |
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Term
| Why is the Galloway drawn to theatre? |
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Definition
-loss of sound enhanced her fascination with lanuage and the way meaning is conveyed
-she loves to perform and is delighted to be so immediately in the know
-it has provided a direct way to keep in touch with the rest of the world despite the imposed isolation |
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