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Comm 221
Exam #2
58
Communication
Undergraduate 2
03/17/2011

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Term
advertising
Definition
controlled publicly, paid for by the client.
Term
public relations
Definition
attempts to secure favorable publicity & promote the client, exists within an advertising agency.
Term
P.T. Barnum
Definition
got the idea of PR going through his notion of having a circus parade through town before going to the actual circus site.
Term
railroads
Definition
causes towns to flourish, needed PR in order to win over the favor of those who owned the land the govt. was trying to buy.
Term
William F. Cody
Definition
"Buffalo Bill's Wild West" traveling show for out-of-work cowboys.
Term
Ivy Ledbetter Lee
Definition
one of the founders of modern PR, not liked, hired someone to make him look better.
Term
struggles of PR to become respectable
Definition
citizens were harder to fool (literacy increased, expansion of print media, & rise of middle class).
Term
Edward Bernays
Definition
developed "engineering of consent" = favorable publicity.
Term
Daniel Boorstin
Definition
cultural historian, "The Image" = a guide to Psuedo-Events in America, press conferences.
Term
PR specialties
Definition
financial, product, & crisis.
Term
Tylenol (1982)
Definition
laced capsules with cyanide, removed it globally & took responsibility, gained respect in 3 years' time.
Term
Exxon Valdez (1989)
Definition
oil spill, fired captain, tried to place the blame outside the company, did not own up to mistakes.
Term
semiotics
Definition
the way in which messages create signs & how we interpret them.
Term
Nipkow (1894)
Definition
image scanning development "scanning disk", motion photography.
Term
Jenkins (1925)
Definition
"radiovisor", mechanical TV system.
Term
Baird (1926)
Definition
first public demonstration of the mechanical TV system.
Term
Zworykin
Definition
father of TV, engineer that devises the iconoscope tube ("portable"), later the kinescope (cathode ray tube).
Term
Farnsworth (1927)
Definition
gives the first public demonstration in the US of TV, ethnocentrism, RCA tries to compete with him.
Term
World's Fair (1939/1940)
Definition
innovations of the future, introduction of the TV commercially.
Term
W2XBS (1941)
Definition
first channel to get a commercial station, watched sports live, programming for only 4 hours a night.
Term
flagship stations in NY
Definition
WNBC, WABC, & WCBS.
Term
color transmission (1952)
Definition
was approved by the FCC.
Term
Newton Minow (1961)
Definition
said TV was a "vast wasteland", chairman of FCC.
Term
sony betavision (1975)
Definition
tape recorder, invention of "time shifting".
Term
VHS (1976)
Definition
first offered by Motsuchina, favored over betavision because it was cheaper.
Term
TBS
Definition
parent company of WTBS, superstation (uplinks its broadcast system to a satellite, which allows for people to pick up the station across the nation).
Term
what is the most watched night of the year?
Definition
sundays of daylight savings.
Term
cable TV (CATV)
Definition
community antenna television, Oregon (first cable system)/Pennsylvania (first commercial cable station)
Term
reasons for TV growth
Definition
blocked by natural obstacles, too small to support TV facility, expanded programming, quality of reception, & original programming.
Term
"public access"
Definition
came by way of agreement, franchise (contract between the cable operator & the community).
Term
subscriber
Definition
buys the service, pay cable (premium channels), household.
Term
paleolithic
Definition
cave paintings
Term
early forms of writing
Definition
pictographs, cuneiform, hieroglyphs, & alphabet.
Term
writing surfaces
Definition
stone, clay tablets, papyrus, parchment, & paper.
Term
Gutenberg (1450)
Definition
printing press, first book was the Bible, negative implications for Church, knowledge available to all.
Term
Martin Luther
Definition
95 Thesis, used print to bring a reformation, "cultural reform".
Term
Franklin (1731)
Definition
started the library system.
Term
linotype machine (1896)
Definition
Mergenthaler; changed how printing was done & sped it up.
Term
Stan Lee
Definition
father of comics.
Term
rosetta stone
Definition
3 sections: ancient greek, hieroglyphs, & demotic. helped to analyze language history.
Term
Muybridge (1878)
Definition
took triggered pictures of a horse in a sequence, creating motion photography.
Term
kinetoscope (1890s)
Definition
Thomas Edison; a unit that you looked into to watch scenes on celluloid film as it flipped through; paid a nickel- "nickelodeon".
Term
kinematograph (late 1890s)
Definition
projected the images from a kinetoscope onto a wall.
Term
Lumiere Brothers (1895)
Definition
put celluloid stock to work & photographed people leaving a factory.
Term
Porter (1903)
Definition
father of editing; "The Great Train Robbery".
Term
Edison (1909)
Definition
The Motion Picture Patents Company ("the Trust") 3 components: producers, distribute film stock, & own theaters. formed a monopoly.
Term
independents
Definition
moved studios to west coast, business headquarters on east coast, star system (regular job, become famous), & feature length films.
Term
D. W. Griffith (1915)
Definition
"Birth of a Nation" film as art.
Term
Micheaux (1910-1950)
Definition
first african american to make a film, maintained a middle class status.
Term
John Barrymore
Definition
"Don Juan", first matinee idol, first movie with recorded sound- "sound on disk" triggered automatically.
Term
Micheaux (1910-1950)
Definition
first african american to make a film, maintained a middle class status.
Term
John Barrymore
Definition
"Don Juan", first matinee idol, first movie with recorded sound- "sound on disk" triggered automatically.
Term
"The Jazz Singer" (1927)
Definition
Al Jolson; first "talkie", sound on disk.
Term
"King Kong" (1933)
Definition
introduced stop motion (action) photography in order to move King Kong.
Term
Hollywoodland
Definition
originated as a housing development, eventually symbolized movie-making.
Term
The Big Five Studios
Definition
Warner Bros, Paramount Studios, RKO, MGM, & 20th Century Fox. form an oligopoly that highlights vertical integration (production, distribution, & owning exhibition).
Term
The Little Three
Definition
Universal Studios, United Artists, & Columbia. did not own the exhibition aspect of vertical integration.
Term
genre of movies
Definition
comedy, drama, romance, action/adventure, mystery/suspense, westerns, gangster, horror, fantasy/science fiction, musicals, & film noir.
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