Term
| What are the 5 patterns of organization for a persuasive speech? |
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Definition
1.) Problem-solution
2.) Cause-effect
3.) Monroe's Motivated Sequence
4.) Topical/Comparative Advantage
5.) Refutation |
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Term
| What is Monroe's Motivated Sequence? |
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Definition
1.) Attention
2.) Need
3.) Satisfaction
4.) Visualization
5.) Action |
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Term
| What is a hasty generalization? |
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Definition
| Jump to conclusion based on poor research methodology, inadequate evidence, too small sample size. |
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Term
| What is unrepresentative sample? |
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Definition
| Drawing conclusions from a sample that is unrepresentative of the general population |
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Term
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Definition
| If A happens, then B will, then C will, then D will. Speaker provides no evidence of causal relationship. |
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Term
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Definition
| Presenting listeners with only 2 alternatives when there may be many. |
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Term
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Definition
| Presenting an argument against an exaggerated/fake argument then refuting it. Fake argument is the straw man. |
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Term
| What is faulty causal reasoning? |
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Definition
| The speaker apparently assumes that because X preceded Y, that x causes y. Correlation does NOT equal causation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Responds with an irrelevant argument/comment. |
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Term
| What is missing evidence? |
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Definition
| Speaker makes claim that is technically true but is misleading because key information is missing. |
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Term
| What is appeal to ignorance? |
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Definition
| Argues a conclusion should be accepted because of absence of proof of the conclusion is evidence that its true. |
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Term
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Definition
| True because the majority opinion. |
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Term
| What is appeal to tradition? |
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Definition
| Accept conclusion because that has always been the case. |
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Term
| What is begging the question? |
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Definition
| Fallacy consists of an arguer engaging in a circular reasoning. EX: Chocolate is healthful because it's good for you. |
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Term
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Definition
| Comparing 2 phenomenon that are not really comparable. EX: Penguins are black and white, and so are old TV shows so penguins are old TV shows. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of reasoning is used with ethos? |
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Definition
| Inductive. Link between evidence. |
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Term
| How do you achieve ethos? |
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Definition
| Providing citations for all supporting evidence. |
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Term
Claim - ______
Data - ______
Analysis - ______ |
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Definition
Arguing
Support
Link Between the 2 |
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Term
| What is pathos? How do they work? |
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Definition
| Emotional appeal. Engage emotions, illustrations are great. What motivates an audience. |
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Term
| What are the 3 components of ethos? |
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Definition
1.) authority/intelligence/experience
2.) good will
3.) character virtue |
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Term
| What is authority when using ethos? |
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Definition
| Show expertise, cite, use personal experience. |
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Term
| What is good will when using ethos? |
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Definition
| Shows that you care about your audience. |
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Term
| What is character virtue when using ethos? |
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Definition
| Shows you're a person of integrity |
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Term
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Definition
| Choice and arrangement of words. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vocabulary you use in your speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| way words are arranged in a certain order. |
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Term
| What are qualities of oral style? |
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Definition
- Active Voice
- Short words
- Personal pronouns
- Use contractions
- Use short sentences
- Use repetition |
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Term
| What are qualities of vivid style? |
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Definition
| Using imagery, tropes, and manipulated words. |
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Term
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Definition
| Figure of speech, words not taken literally. Simile, metaphor, metonymy, personification. |
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Term
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Definition
| A comparison using like or as |
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Term
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Definition
| A comparison not using like or as. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substituting part for whole. The pen is mightier than the sword. |
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Term
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Definition
| Objects get human qualities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Repetition repetition of sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| Same consonant sounds repeated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Same vowel sound repeated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Arrangement of sounds to create harsh unpleasant sounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Arrangement of sounds to create pleasant, mellow quality. |
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Term
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Definition
| Figures of speech, words used literally. |
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Term
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Definition
| Repetition of key words/phrases/etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 contrasting ideas next to each other in parallel structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| placing 2 words next to each other with opposite meanings |
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Term
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Definition
reversing order of 2 key words in parallel structure.
"Never negotiate out of fear and never fear to negotiate." |
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Term
| Who created public narrative? |
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Definition
| Sociologist Marshall Gans |
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Term
| What is the rational world paradigm? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the contemporary theorist that created the narrative paradigm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 good reasons why stories work in a personal narrative? |
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Definition
1.) Narrative Coherence
2.) Narrative Fidelity |
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Term
| What is narrative coherence? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is narrative fidelity? |
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Definition
| Does the story ring true? Does the story comply with the audiences' beliefs. |
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Term
| What are the 4 elements of a good story? |
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Definition
1.) Character
2.) Plot
3.) Moral
4.) Setting |
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Term
| What are the 3 aspects of a plot |
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Definition
-Challenge
-Choice
-Outcome |
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Term
| What is the setting in a personal narrative? |
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Definition
| The immediate context. The occasion. Can enable or disable. |
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Term
| What are the 3 stories within the personal narrative? |
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Definition
1.) Story of Self
2.) Story of Us
3.) Story of Now |
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Term
| What is the character, plot, moral of the story of self? |
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Definition
Character = you/someone close to you
Plot = Challenge, choice, outcome
Moral = Lesson learned, values highlighted. |
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Term
| What do you do in the story of us? |
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Definition
| - apply moral from self to community |
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Term
| What are the character, plot, and moral of the story of us? |
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Definition
Character = particular community
Plot = Challenge, choice, outcome
- Choice = how they're responding
- Outcome = Make right choice so outcome is what you're advocating.
- Moral = lesson learned |
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Term
| What is the story of now? |
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Definition
| The strategy. How to get from where we are, to where we need to be. More specific, the better. Asking audience to act as a result to self and us. |
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Term
| What is epideictic speaking? |
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Definition
| Ceremonial. Happens with a particular occasion. |
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Term
| What are the types of praise/blame epideictic speaking? |
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Definition
1.) Awards acceptance/presentation
2.) Eulogy
3.) Toast |
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Term
| What are the guidelines for awards presentation? |
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Definition
- Thank presenter/group honoring you
- Thank people who have helped you get there
- Demonstrate understanding of significance |
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Term
| What are the guidelines for a eulogy? |
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Definition
- Focus should be on deceased, not on you.
- Respectful humor
- Pick 1-2 characteristics/stories you want to share
- Emphasize those traits that the stories illustrate. |
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Term
| What are the guidelines for a toast? |
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Definition
- short!
- introduce self and relationship with subject
- congrats & peace the fuck out |
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