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comm 121 midterm
for mid term
79
Communication
Undergraduate 2
06/20/2018

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Locus
Definition
Cause of behavior attributed to internal or external factors:
- someone late due to procrastination (internal)
- someone late due to unexpected traffic (external)
Term
Stability
Definition
Whether the cause of the behavior is stable or unstable
- Traffic on the 405 (stable)
- unexpected car accident (unstable)
Term
Controllability
Definition
Cause for behavior varies in how much control over the cause of the behavior.
- should set alarm earlier (controllable)
- car accident (uncontrollable)
Term
Self Serving Bias
Definition
We judge ourselves more charitably than we judge others
- success atrributed to stable internal causes
- failures attributed to unstable, external causes
Term
Fundamental attribution error
Definition
the tendency to attribute others behavior to internal rather than external causes
- homelessness
Term
Overattribution error
Definition
Term
Perceptual Accuracy:
Awareness
Definition
increase awareness of how you interpret situations
Term
Perceptual Accuracy:
Focus
Definition
Focus on other peoples characteristics and consider context
Term
Perceptual Accuracy:
Check perceptions: Direct perception checking
Definition
ask if your perceptions are correct
Term
Perceptual Accuracy:
Check perceptions: Indirect perception checking
Definition
intensifying your "perceptual powers" look for additional information
Term
Perceptual Accuracy:
Revise
Definition
perceptions if needed. Admit you might be wrong
Term
Language is symbolic
Definition
symbols that represent other things
Term
Language is artibratry
Definition
Meanings change over time
Term
Language is ambiguous
Definition
No clear definition of words. i.e. what is "affordable"?
Term
Language is abstract
Definition
Not concrete or tangible
Term
Phonological
Definition
how spoken language sounds
Term
Syntactic
Definition
how words are arranged
Term
Denotive
Definition
The literal meaning of a word
Term
Connotative
Definition
Context:
Positive: sweet, cool, hot
or negative: lame, crazy, retarded
Term
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Definition
Language shapes the way you think. If you don't have a word for something, you can't conceive of it.
Term
Code Switching
Definition
Adapting your language to those around you
Term
Divergence
Definition
speaking in a way that emphasizes differences
Term
Convergence
Definition
speaking in a way that emphasizes similarity
Term
Polarization
Definition
describing things in extremes with no middle ground
Term
"It" statements
Definition
lack of responsibility
Term
"You" statements
Definition
Judging someone else can be -
Positive: "you're a good person"
Negative: "you never call me"
Term
"but" statements
Definition
confusing. Start positive, end negative
Term
"I" statements
Definition
Take more responsibility. Less provocative
Term
Kinesics
Definition
study of movement, gestures, posture
Term
Nonverbal communications
Definition
messages expressed by nonlinguistic means.
60-70% of our language is NV.
More believable than words.
Term
Emblems
Definition
NV cues that stand in for words: Shhh...
Term
Illustrators
Definition
gestures that enhance what you're saying. Head nodding, smiling. etc
Term
Affect displays
Definition
facial expressions showing emotions - microexpressions
Term
microexpressions
Definition
1. happiness, 2. sadness, 3. anger, 4. fear, 5. surprise, 6. disgust, 7. contempt
Term
Recalling a visual memory
Definition
eyes look up
Term
recalling a sound
Definition
eyes look to side, head tilt
Term
Recalling a feeling
Definition
eyes look down and to the right
Term
Talking to self
Definition
Eyes look down and to the left
Term
Haptics
Definition
study of human touch
Term
Proxemics
Definition
study of space and distance
Term
Personal space
Definition
our bubble or the distance we put between ourselves and others
Term
Intimate distance
Definition
distance with those who are emotionally close (0-2')
Term
Personal distance
Definition
ranges from 18" to 4'
distance between friends, family etc in public.
Term
Social distance
Definition
4'-12'; group dynamics, party, teach - class dynamic.
Term
Public distance
Definition
furthest space, moving towards 12'
Term
Territory
Definition
The space we claim when in the world, can be given up when socially expected to.
Bus, library, etc.
Term
Regulators
Definition
controls pace of a conversation.
Term
Adaptors
Definition
Self-touching behaviors;
used in specific situations, flirting
Term
Oculesics
Definition
Eyes are the windows to the soul; eyes communicate respect, interest, anger, attraction.
Dilated pupils are "desired"
constricted pupils are "beady"
Term
Social Gazing
Definition
Socially acceptable, friendly.
Entire face
Term
Intimate gaze
Definition
sexual attraction, look up and down someones body
Term
power gaze
Definition
intimidation or pressure;
imagine a 3rd eye
Term
Power stare
Definition
intense eye contact w/squint
staring contest with someone
can be threatening
Term
Information
Definition
listening to learn
passive
Term
Critical listening
Definition
Analyzing, forming an opinion; voting, arguing
Term
Empathic listening
Definition
feeling with someone - understanding what someone is going through
Fuels connection
Term
Mindless
Definition
kinda listening - (the repeat story)
Term
Pseudo-listening
Definition
to pretend or fake listening
Term
Selecting listening
Definition
only paying attention to what you THINK is important
Term
Monopolizer
Definition
the conversation always circles back to them
Term
Defensive listener
Definition
feels like they are always being attacked
Term
Ambushing
Definition
Samuel L. Jackson clip. Someone is "ready for a fight"
Term
Literal
Definition
Only listens to actual words, incapable of hearing subtext, sarcasm, etc.
Term
Self-concept
Definition
relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself
Term
Development of self-concept:
Physical
Definition
begin to develop self-concepts at 6-7 months
Term
Development of self-concept:
Social interaction
Definition
shapes our perceptions:
those who are important shape us
1st significant influence is family
Term
Direct definition
Definition
labels we use to define behavior:
Positive direct - enhances self-esteem
negative direct - hurts self-esteem
Gender roles - how are kids raised
Term
Reflected appraisal:
uppers
downers
vulture
Definition
other people serve as our mirrors and affects how we see ourselves:
people who support, communicate positively about our weaknesses
people who draw attention to our flaws, maybe unintentionally
people who attack with malice
Term
Secure AS
Definition
consistently attentive and loving
child has high self-esteem
social
Term
Fearful AS
Definition
the caregiver is negative, rejecting, abusive
child feels unworthy of love
adult can be insecure in relationships
can become violent
Term
Dismissive AS
Definition
parent is disinterested
*child has high self-esteem/independent
*feels relationships are not important
Term
Anxious/Ambivalent
Definition
inconsistent treatment
*child becomes anxious
*child self-blames
Term
Sandra Petronio's Communication Privacy Boundry Management Theory
Definition
You disclose personal information when you feel safe.
perceived positive result - disclose
perceived negative result - will not disclose
Term
Privilege
Definition
unearned benefit determined by society
Term
Social construction
Definition
norms created by society
Term
Standpoint theory
Definition
only one aspect of your ID matters
Term
Intersectionality - interlocking oppressions
Definition
all aspects of your ID matter
Term
Selection
Definition
-focus on somethings, tune others out
-notice things that are intense and stand out; sounds - smells
-notice contrast or change
-recognize repeated behavior, songs, others manners
Term
Schemata
Definition
4 types -
prototypes - most representative of a category: a good teacher, friend, partner
Personal constructs - how we measure people and situations: intelligent, nice, responsible
Stereotypes - generalization about a person or situation
Scripts - guides our behavior
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