Term
| Groups Collections of more than two people who have a shared identity, have common goals, and are interdependent |
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Definition
| Collections of more than two people who have a shared identity, have common goals, and are interdependent |
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| Group members recognize other members of the group, have feelings toward them, and experience a sense of belonging to the group. |
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| Group members identify with one another because they share goals. |
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| Interdependent relationships |
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| The behavior of each group member affects the behavior or every other member |
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| are long-standing and meaningful groups, such as family group |
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| Special-function groups include |
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| support groups, social groups, problem-solving groups, study groups, and focus groups. |
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| is a task-oriented group, and a self-directed work team is a group with responsibility for producing high-quality finished work. |
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Groups typically develop through five specific stages.
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Definition
1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing
5. Adjourning |
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| Group members come together and negotiate who will lead and what the goals will be. During this stage, members try to become friends and figure out where they fit in. |
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| Group members begin to experience conflict over who will lead and what role each member will play |
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| Members establish agreed norms or usual ways of doing things. These norms govern expected behavior in the group. |
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| Group members combine their skills and knowledge to work toward the group’s goals and overcomes hurdles. |
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| Group members reflect on their accomplishments and failures and determine whether the group will dissemble or take on another project. |
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As a group gets bigger, it tends to take on specific characteristics.
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Definition
1. Interaction becomes more formal.
2. Each member has limited opportunities to contribute.
3. Communication becomes less intimate.
4. Interaction consumes more time.
5. Relationships become more complex. |
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Definition
| are subgroups of individuals who have bonded together. Cliques become more apparent as group size increases. |
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| occur when one subgroup positions itself against another subgroup on an issue. |
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| a failure to invest the same level of effort in the group that a person would put in when working alone or with one other person. |
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| patterns of interaction governing who speaks with whom |
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| Information is passed from one member to the next rather than shared among members. |
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| All members are an equal distance from one another, and all members interact with each other. |
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| One individual acts as a touchstone for all the others in the group. |
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| can foster a feeling of responsibility and commitment to the group’s plans. |
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| is the degree to which group members are bonded and consider themselves to be one entity, which holds the group together in the face of adversity. |
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| influences what it feels like to be a member as well as how members behave and communicate with one another. A positive climate fosters optimism and confidence. |
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| direct the behavior of the group as a whole and affect the conduct of individual members. These norms can have a positive or negative effect on communication. |
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Definition
Concerned with the accomplishment of the group’s goals and include a number of specific roles.
1. Information givers
2. Information seekers
3. Elaborators
4. Initiators
5. Administrators |
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Term
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Definition
Evolve on the basis of personality traits and individual member interests.
1. Harmonizers seek to smooth over tensions by settling differences.
2. Gatekeepers make sure that each group member is able to participate.
3. Sensors express group moods and feelings in order to capitalize on or change the group climate. |
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Definition
Create problems because they serve individual members’ priorities at the expense of group needs.
1. Blockers instigate destructive communication by refusing new ideas or stubbornly reintroducing ideas that the group has rejected.
2. Avoiders refuse to engage with the group by being nonchalant toward ideas presented.
3. Recognition seekers call attention to themselves by boasting.
4. Distractors go off on tangents or tell irrelevant stories. |
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Term
| Role conflict arises when |
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Definition
| expectations for behavior are incompatible (as when one is perceived as both a boss and a friend) |
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Definition
| when group members strive to minimize conflict by refusing to critically examine ideas, analyze proposals, or test solutions. |
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Term
There are several notable symptoms of groupthink:
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Definition
a. Disagreement is avoided.
b. Members are pressured to conform to the majority view.
c. Tough questions are ignored or discouraged.
d. Decisions are justified rather than tested. |
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Term
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Definition
| benefit a group (producing an array of viewpoints) and may also hinder a group (by leading to misunderstandings). |
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| Communication apprehension |
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Definition
| may be caused by a lack of self-esteem, status differences, and unbalanced participation by more aggressive group members. |
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