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| laws established in colonial America that made it illegal to criticize government. |
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| newspapers that provided news of business and shipping. |
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| essays that explained the new federal government to early Americans. |
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| newspapers owned or supported by political parties. |
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| section of newspaper reserved for statements representing the opinion of the newspaper. |
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| stories about current events that have impact on people's lives. |
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| stories directed toward human interest and curiosity; also known as soft news. |
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| inexpensive, advertiser-supported newspapers that appeared in the 1830's. |
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| inexpensive paper used for newspapers. |
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| total amount of space in a newspaper that can be devoted to editorial content versus advertising. |
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| use of exaggeration and lurid elements to produce a startling effect. |
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| writing style that separates fact from opinion. |
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| a line at the beginning of a news story giving the authors name. |
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| news style that packs the most important information into the first paragraph. |
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| a style of reporting characterized by unprecedented sensationalism; it reached its peak in the Hearst-Pulitzer circulation wars of the 1890s. |
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| reporting that uncovers information that sources have tried to conceal. |
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| newspapers characterized by a smaller size than a standard newspaper;a single fold, and abundant photographs. |
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| one company that owns a large amount of papers |
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| free distribution newspapers containing mostly ads but also some news and entertainment articles. |
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| newspapers published as part of an organizations communication with members. |
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| publications that provide a different viewpoint on the news, usually one that is politically radical or otherwise out of the mainstream. |
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| alternative newspapers of the 1960s and 1970s that passionately criticized cultural and political norms. |
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| that part of the newspaper industry aimed at particular cultural groups. |
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| part of the hispanic American newspaper industry that targets Mexican Americans. |
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| in print industries, the person who runs an individual company and acts as its chief representative. |
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| the section of the newspaper "opposite the editorial page" reserved for signed columns, opinion pieces, and guest editorials. |
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| general assignment reporters |
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| journalist who can find and write stories in any area. |
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| journalists who find and write stories in a specialized area. |
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| technique in which a photo negative transfers ink onto paper. |
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| the division of a print media company that manages distribution and sales. |
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| brokers for newspaper entertainment and specialty items. |
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| Audit Bureau of Circulations |
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| an association that verifies newspaper and magazine distribution. |
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| reporting that becomes involved in rather than just covers, community issues. |
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| willful disobedience of the rules of a court or legislative body. |
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| the part of the US Constitutions Bill of Rights that guarantees freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. |
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| the repeal of government rules and regulations. |
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| offensive content with no social value. |
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| offensive content with possible social value. |
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| communication that is false and injures a reputation. |
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| defamation that occurs in a transitory form, such as speech. |
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| published or broadcast defamation. |
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| reckless disregard for the truth of published defamatory information. |
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| exemption given to public officials to speak without fear of being sued for libel. |
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| defense against a charge of libel based on opinion or criticism. |
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| tendency of reporters to self-censor because of fear of possible legal action. |
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| law that entitles the owner of a work to make and distribute reproductions of it. |
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| the doctrine that allows purchasers of a copyrighted work to resell it or rent it out. |
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| doctrine that allows the copying of a work for a noncommercial use. |
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| a word, symbol, or device that identifies a seller's goods. |
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| an exclusive right granted an inventor to manufacture, use, or sell an invention. |
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| laws that ensure that public meetings are conducted in the open. |
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| FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) |
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| ensures that all documents are open, excluding top secret or covered in the privacy law. |
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| laws designed to ensure confidentiality of news sources. |
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| messages about the meaning and correct course of government. |
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| creative work, such as painting, dance, and literature. |
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| judicial command not to speak about trial proceedings. |
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| postponement of a trial until publicity dies down. |
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| isolating members of a jury to keep them unbiased. |
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| the moving of a trial to a different location. |
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| a judges warning to jurors to only consider evidence presented during a trial. |
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| the study of guidelines that help people determine right from wrong in their voluntary conduct. |
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| purposeful deceptions of the public. |
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| the practice of keeping a particular type of person from working in media and other industries. |
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| position from which there is a clear-cut right or wrong response for every ethical decision. |
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| guidelines that stipulate specific behaviors to be followed. |
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| guidelines that stress the things that should not be done. |
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| common newspaper rule stating that nothing should be published as fact unless at least two sources confirm it. |
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| the ethical guideline to look for principles that will hold true in all situations. |
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| John Rawls term associated with the idea that ethical behavior is possible only if everyone is treated equally. |
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| principle that ethical choices can be made according to the situation, without a rigid adherence to set rules. |
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| another name for situation ethics |
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| Aristotles term for describing ethical behavior as a midpoint between extremes. |
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| John Stuart Mill's idea that actions are ethical only if they result in the greatest good for the most people. |
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| the idea that the end justifies the means. |
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| enlightened self-interest |
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| theory that holds that doing what is right for yourself will probably be right for others. |
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| one camera crew shared by several TV news organizations. |
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| chaos that results when crowds of journalists descend on the scene of a news event. |
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| clash that occurs when an outside activity influences what a media professional does. |
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| paying news sources for their stories. |
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| the obligation to take responsibility, or account for, the consequences of one's actions. In media ethics, accountability involves the questions of who controls the media practitioners and who has the power to punish them for ethical lapses. |
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| standards and practices departments |
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| departments at TV networks that oversee the ethics of their programming. |
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| staff member who job it is to oversee media employees ethical behavior. |
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| associations made up of members of the public to exert influence, such as on the media. |
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| short films dealing with current events, shown in movie theaters prior to the advent of television |
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| stories about events that are recurrent or long-lasting |
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| on-air discussions about the news |
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| independent journalists who are paid only for material used. |
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| happening that would not have occurred if media were not there to record them. |
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| a long-form filmed examination of a social problem or historical subject. |
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| the different between what a government says and what the public believes to be true. |
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| information that users can access whenever they want it. |
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| an experimental system for delivering electronic newspapers to homes via television sets. |
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| early online news services. |
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| television clips that users can access whenever they want to. |
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| the presentation of information that is timely, important, and interesting to its audience. |
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| characteristics that define news, including timeliness, importance, and interest. |
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| an angle, or perspective, tat makes information interesting to the audience. |
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| the primary newsreader, who appears in the broadcast news studio. |
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| reporting the news with equipment that enable transmission via satellite. |
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| electronic news gathering |
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| reporting that uses portable field equipment. |
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| point of view is general purported to be anti-big business, pro-big government, pro-social programs, pro-diversity, and anti-Republican. |
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| a point of view that is generally purported to be pro-big business, anti-big government, profamily, proreligion, and pro-Republican. |
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| failure of the news media to report on radical points of view. |
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| a subtle form of slanting that manifests itself in understated ways. |
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| nonmilitary reporters attached to a military unit. |
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