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| What is the essence of human nature, according to Fisher? |
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| confession of guilt and repressed for forgiveness |
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| no matter how well you do, you'll be embarassed for not doing better (anxiety, shame, disgust,etc) |
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| blaming it on someone or something else |
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| For Burke, the primary motive for human communication and action is? |
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| the doctrine that the substance of the body and blood of Christ coexist in and with the substance of the bread and wine of the Eucharist |
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| the recognized common ground between speaker and audience such as physical characteristics, talents, occupation, experiences, personality, beliefs, and attitudes; consubstantiation |
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| tests for narrative coherence: |
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does the story hang together?
does the story deserve to be told?
whether we can count on characters to act in a reliable manner |
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does the story ring true?
and is it humane?
the truthfulness/liabilty of the story |
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| Hall's main concern with corporate control of mass communication: |
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powerful exploit the powerless
powerlessness can lead to alrenation
creates power imbalanced in society |
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| to unmask power imbalances in society |
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| ideological discourses of constraint: |
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| Hall's term used to refer to the media's limitation of alternatives and presentation of restricted choices as the only option |
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| masculine and feminine styles of discourse are best viewed as 2 distinct cultural dialects |
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| a supportive interruption often meant to show agreement with the speaker |
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| what does Kramarae say in terms of women and cartoons? |
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| portrayed as emotional and apologetic also absent |
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| ultimate goal of muted group theory: |
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| create new and more rep. language to capture women's experiences |
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| why does McLuhan content that media environments are "invisible"? |
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| because we're so immersed in them; its the ordinariness of the media |
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| what does McLuhan say about primitive people of the tribal village? |
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hearing, touch, taste, and smell were dominant, storytelling was key
hearing=believing |
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| what does McLuhan mean by "the media is the message"? |
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| the channel is more influential than the content it carries |
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| number of hours of tv viewing to be considered a heavy viewer? |
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| accoring to Tannen, what do men seek? |
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| according to Tannen, what do women seek? |
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tell more jokes/stories
more likely to talk in public talk
assume a lecture style
use as a weapon |
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downplay themselves
more likely to talk in private talk
more use of emotions |
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| private talk, connection with others, women |
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| public talk, just reporting facts, without emotion/feeling, command attention and win arguments, men |
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| how do standpoint theorists view gender? |
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| members of a muted group are silenced as a result of what? |
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| because they weren't dominant |
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| main idea behind standpoint theory: |
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| all standpoints are partial; sex or gender relations viewed as problematic(relates to inequities in society); achieved with thought, struggle, and engagement |
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| people's experiences, knowledge and communication behaviors shaped by their social groups; a location shared by a group experience outside status |
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| a subjective standard ascribing validity to an idea when it resonates with one's personal experience |
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| influence, power, or dominance of one social group over another |
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| the process of speaking out on oppression and linking that subjunction with media representations; the work of cultural studies |
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does the story hang together?
the internal consistency of a narrative
all the preces/intimate details are present |
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| guidelines for developing narratives: |
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| assumptions of the narrative paradigm: |
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humans are storytellers
decisions about a story's worth are based on a "good reason"
good reasons are determined by history, biography, culture and character
we experience the world as filled with stories, and we must choose among them |
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| assumptions of dramatism: |
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| humans are animals who use symbols; humans are choicemakers |
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| assumptions of the prevailing rational world paradigm: |
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humans are rational beings
decision making based on arguments
arguments adhere to criteria for coundness and logic
rationality=quality of knowledge and formal reasoning processes |
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| people with little power who have trouble giving voice to their perceptions because they must reencode |
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