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Combustion
Homework #6
20
Engineering
Professional
08/06/2009

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Term
Define Combustion
Definition
A chemical process in which a combustible unites with oxygen to produce heat and often light.
Term
What is Perfect Combustion?
Definition
Burning fuel completely while using only the theoretical amount of air required. (Not possible)
Term
What is Complete Combustion? Incomplete Combustion?
Definition
Complete: Burning the fuel completely using the minimum amount of excess air. (Desirable) Incomplete: Not burning all the fuel. (Not good!)
Term
What is Spontaneous Combustion?
Definition
Combustion which occurs without an external ignition source.
Term
What conditions are necessary for complete combustion?
Definition
The three T's. Time, Temperature, and Turbulence.
Term
What are the combustibles in fuel?
Definition
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Sulfur
Term
What is Primary Air and Secondary Air?
Definition
Primary air: Air supplied to the burner with the fuel that controls the rate of combustion as well as the amount of fuel that can be burned. Secondary: Air supplied to the combustion process that controls combustion efficiency; How completely the fuel is burned.
Term
What is Excess Air?
Definition
The amount of air supplied to the combustion process that is greater than the theoretical amount required
Term
What is Viscosity?
Definition
The internal resistance of fuel oil to flow.
Term
What is Pour Point, Flash Point, and Fire Point?
Definition
Pour: The lowest temp. at which an oil will still flow. Flash: The temp. that an oil will ignite with a "pop" but not continue to burn. Fire: The temp that an oil will ignite and continue to burn.
Term
Name three ways to atomize #6 oil.
Definition
Mechanical Burners (Rotary Cup), Pressure Atomization and Steam/Compressed Air Atomization.
Term
Give five reasons a boiler burning #6 oil would smoke.
Definition
If there is not enough air supplied, Cold Oil, Insufficient Oil Pressure, Low Atomizing Pressure, cold Boiler, Dirty/Plugged Burner tips.
Term
Name the necessary components of a #6 fuel oil system.
Definition
Storage tanks, Pumps, Strainers, Heaters, Pressure Gauges, Thermometers.
Term
Name the types of Draft found in power plants.
Definition
Mechanical Draft, Forced Draft, Induced Draft, Balanced Draft, Natural Draft
Term
How is Draft measured?
Definition
Using a manometer (U-Tube or Inclined Tube), which tells inches or tenths of inches of a vertical water column.
Term
What is the greatest heat loss in a boiler?
Definition
The heat lost out the stack is the greatest heat loss in a boiler.
Term
How many BTU's in a gallon of #6 oil?
Definition
150,000
Term
How many gallons in a barrel of fuel oil?
Definition
42 Gallons
Term
What do you do if the flame is lost while burning #6 oil?
Definition
Secure the fuel, Purge the Furnace, Re-lite
Term
What is an Opacity Violation?
Definition
The emission of smoke which has a shade or appearance equal or greater than #1 of the chart for a period of six minutes during any one hour.
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