Term
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Definition
| graphic means of explicating an abstract process such as communication |
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Term
| describe linear based models |
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Definition
| based on principles of stimulus-response psychology |
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| describe interactive-circular models |
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Definition
| communication is interpretive and interactive |
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| describe transational model |
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Definition
| giving and receiving of information through communication |
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Term
| What are the pros of content analysis? |
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Definition
| describes what's on, helps identify areas of interest and/or concern |
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| what are the cons of content analysis? |
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Definition
| incomplete pictures (limited to categories), no evidence of media's effect |
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Term
| what are the pros of laboratory experiments? |
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Definition
| good for establishing causality, researcher has a lot of control, relatively inexpensive, easier for others to replicate. |
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Term
| what are the cons of experiments? |
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Definition
| artificial surroundings may affect a participants behavior, experimental bias |
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Term
| what are the pros of surveys? |
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Definition
| generalizability(participants are observed in natural settings, behaviors are not natural), expedient for providing description |
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Term
| what are the cons of surveys? |
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Definition
| little or no evidence of causal relationships, poor quality of self-report data |
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Term
| define mass communication. (name characteristics) |
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Definition
| large-scale distribution and reception process characterized by: one directional information flow, impersonaly source and anonymous receiver, asymmetrical source-receiver association, organized powerful source, market exchange relationship, standardized message content(theyre not tailoring their message just for individual needs) |
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Term
| What are the 3 trends leading to modern society? |
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Definition
| industrialization, urbanization, modernization(emphasis on technology and products) THIS IS ON THE EXAM SUCKA! |
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Term
| describe 1920s mass society |
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Definition
| social differentiation increases(move from farmers to factory workers), informal social controls weaken, communication becomes more difficult(people become more isolated), media become important information sources, "normless-ness" no one really knows how to act, so they act the way media tells them |
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Term
| what is the magic bullet theory? and when did this apply? |
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Definition
| it was the perspective of early research. people are socially isolated, have uniform instincts, not influenced by social ties. human nature and isolation = similar reception and interpretation. direct, immediate, powerful, and uniform effects |
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Term
| what went on during the payne fund studies? result? |
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Definition
| 1st major media research. series of studies commissioned to examine content, audience, and effect. studies do not really show uniform effects. still many see overall effect as very strong, and it was interpreted as evidence of the magic bullet. |
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Term
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Definition
| early study on media violence |
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Definition
| effects of reading about crimes |
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Definition
| media effects on attitude change. he was WWII guy. first experiments in mass communication |
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Term
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Definition
| came with the concept of "opinion leaders" and two-step flow model of media effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| five questions and 3 important media functions. what are they? inform, guide, educate |
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Definition
| dynamics of group communication. the sweetbreads guy |
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Term
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Definition
| pioneered the use of empirical research and statistical methods for research. he brought more rigorous experiments |
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Term
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Definition
| added "under what conditions" to the 5 questions |
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Term
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Definition
| mediating factors (comes between contents and audience), selective exposure, selective perception, relative retention. he listed those as mediators |
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Term
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Definition
| ordinarily, media are not a necessary or sufficient cause. typically, mediating factors result in media being an agent of reinforcement rather than change |
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Term
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Definition
| social learning theory; social cognitive theory. they're the same thing, these 2 theories |
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Term
| define mediation or media's role in providing knowledge |
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Definition
| mediation facilitates relationships with objects not directly known, indirect experience. provide versions of events not directly experienced |
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Term
| define mass society theory |
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Definition
| media are controlled by dominant elite and produce content promoting their interest. there are only a few people who control the content of the media and want to spread their beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| media create false consciousness that subordinates the working class. this is more general than the mass society theory. its about middle and upper class terrorizing working class |
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Term
| what is functionalism theory? |
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Definition
| media are a functional part of society that contributes by promoting order, transmitting culture, and reducing tension. |
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Term
| what is critical political-economic theory? |
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Definition
| media economics and technology concentrate ownership, resulting in commodification and subordinating interest to private interests. |
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Term
| what is modernization and development theory? |
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Definition
| media promote modernization and development by disseminating information that promotes education, health, and welfare. |
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Term
| define communication technology determinism. |
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Definition
| social change resulting from biases that are inherent in the form of new media technology |
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Term
| what is information society theory? |
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Definition
| new media technology promote social change characterized by an economy based on information society |
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Term
| what are the 2 major perspectives in mass communication? |
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Definition
| social scientific and the culturalist. culturalist perspective: focuses on construction of meaning from texts |
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Term
| describe cultural theorist. what are their main points? |
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Definition
| the notion of a mass culture, questions of gender and subculture, role of new technology, political-economic issues, commodification(taking something you would not consider a product or service and selling it), commercialization(everything about media content is driven by profit. profit>social value), hegemony(domination. the power of the media to secretly spread ideology or value system) |
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Term
| what is the theory on technology influencing culture? |
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Definition
| media logic(idea that news media can make it seem a real world event happened when it never did), post modern culture(everything's been done before, no original story or music. everything is just a remix or a rearrangement and calling it new) |
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Term
| what is normative theory? |
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Definition
| it values judgments concerning how media ought to operate |
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Term
| what are the 5 categories central to the media-society debate? |
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Definition
ROOVE
rights, ownership, order, values, expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| based on the free press. it is the right to publish free of censorship essential for a democracy |
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Term
| organization structure and media product |
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Definition
| structural features influence organization conduct, performance, and product. a newspaper in a small town vs. new york times comes out very different and the content they produce. |
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Term
| what are the 2 critical perspectives on content? |
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Definition
| critical analysis of media and marxist approaches |
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Term
| describe critical analysis of media. |
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Definition
| ability to fulfill intended functions, domination of media establishment |
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Term
| describe the marxist approach |
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Definition
| media contain images favorable to ruling class. audiences consume these images and adopt this favorable view |
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Term
| describe structuralism and semiotics. what is the goal? a "sign" is composed of what 2 things? |
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Definition
| the goal is to identify the 'cultural' meaning' of media content. a "sign" is composed of a signifier and a signified. |
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Term
| signs and signals, speech and language, age of writing, age of print, age of electronics |
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Definition
| now recite what you just learned |
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Term
| define technological determinism |
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Definition
| changes in technology leadds to changes in society |
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Term
ages of established history. name the eras:
1920s to 40s:
1940s to 60s:
60s to 80s:
80s onward |
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Definition
magic bullet model
limited effect era
moderate effects era
powerful effects |
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Term
constraint vs. autonomy
routine production vs. creativity
commerce vs. art
profit vs social purpose |
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Definition
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Term
| when commercial interests are threatened? |
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Definition
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Term
| when commercial interests are threatened? |
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Definition
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Term
| media owners set broad lines of policy, instead of micro-manage everything |
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Definition
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Term
| what is critical theory interested in? |
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Definition
| identifying how the powerful use media to maintain status-quo |
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Term
| dominant view, or traditional view on content analysis |
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Definition
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