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COM111
Introduction to Communication Theories
55
Communication
Undergraduate 2
12/13/2011

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Term
Expectancy Violation Theory
Definition
We have expectancies. A violation happens and a cognitive and/or physical arousal will occur followed by a threat. Violation valence or communication reward valence to assert what communicator will do next.
Term
Hofstede's Dimensions
Definition
Individualism/Collectivism. Power Distance. Uncertainty Avoidance. Masculinity/Femininity.
Term
Value Dimensions
Definition
Low Context -> explicit code. High Context -> nonverbal;embedded within the communicators.
Term
Muted Group Theory
Definition
Subordinate groups are muted by dominant groups. Dominant group shapes the language, thus the perception of society.
Term
Politeness Theory
Definition
Used to soften FTAs; extends the notion of face. Positive face -> desire to be valued and included (the dog.) Negative Face -> desire to be free from imposition (the cat.) Preventive and Corrective facework.
Term
Face Theory
Definition
Interaction identity. Can be wrong face or out of face.
Term
Face Negotiation Theory
Definition
Includes Face Theory, Hofstede's dimensions, and conflict literature. Positive -> included or competent. Negative -> independent or autonomous. FTA vs saving face.
Term
Social Exchange Theory
Definition
Rewards - costs = outcomes. Satisfaction: comparison level. Stability: comparison level for alternatives.
Term
Social Penetration Theory
Definition
Aspects are visible or hidden, depending on how much the communicator trusts others. Includes frequency, valence, duration, breath, and depth.
Term
Standpoint Theory
Definition
A location shared by a group experiencing outsider status, within the social structure, that leads a particular kind of sense making to a person's lived experience. A position in which you see the understand the world.
Term
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Definition
We experience uncertainty because we don't have the ability to predict or explain the other person's behavior. Designed for initial reactions.
Term
Dialogue Theory
Definition
Small group theory. Personal storytelling. Occurs naturally. Stories allow identity negotiation.
Term
Information Sharing Theory
Definition
Shared and unique information. Knowledge must be activated. The model includes knowledge, potential contribution, contribution, activation, and choice.
Term
Agenda Setting Theory
Definition
Framing, gatekeepers, priming, triggering event. 3-4 issues on agenda. Media tells the public what to think about.
Term
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Definition
Inconsistent attitudes -> Feelings of Dissonance -> Unpleasant arousal -> Reduced by a change that removes inconsistency.
Term
Cultivation Theory
Definition
TV gives a distorted view of life. Heavy viewers watch 4+ hours of television without real purpose. Mean World Syndrome.
Term
Diffusion of Innovation
Definition
Critical mass -> 15-20%. Talk -> !) Awareness. 2) Opinion. 3) Practice. 4) Advocacy or Resistance. Innovation of an idea of concept by an innovator -> Change agent communicates idea -> Early adopter tries it -> Talks about it -> Followers; critical mass reached -> starts over.
Term
Direct Effects Model
Definition
Media has a strong direct effect on its audience. Magic Bullet/Hypodermic Needle Theories
Term
Limited Effects Model
Definition
Media has a limited effect on its audience. Media + (variable) = effect. Examines what the variable is.
Term
Use and Gratifications Theory
Definition
Media + (our use and gratification from) = effect. Viewers are active and they are aware of their use. Applies only when the viewer seek media.
Term
Media Systems Dependency Theory
Definition
Three factors: larger social system, media's role in that system, and audience's relationship to the media. Dependent of the media for a variety of reasons. Dependent on media that engages the largest amount of senses.
Term
Narrative Paradigm
Definition
People are storytellers. Decisions based of good reasons. History, biography, culture, and character determine good reasons. Rationality is determined by coherence and fidelity. The world is a set of stories from which we choose, and thus constantly recreate our lives
Term
Rational World Paradigm
Definition
People are rational. Decisions are based on arguments. Speaking situation determines the course of the argument. How much we know and how well we argue determines rationality. The world is a set of logical puzzles that we can solve through rational analysis
Term
Elaboration Likelihood Model
Definition
Central, information heavy. Peripheral, based on mental shortcuts. The higher the elaboration, the more persuasive.
Term
Relational Dialectics Theory
Definition
Tension between two opposing notions. Try and find the balance.
Term
Social Congitive/Learning Theory
Definition
Learn from watching others. Imitation, observational learning, vicious reinforcement, identification.
Term
Communication Accommodation Theory
Definition
Changing your communication behavior in relation to the other person based on roots we belong to.
Term
Systems Theory
Definition
Systems are entities that actively seek to adapt themselves to their environment. Meta-theory. Input -> throughout phase -> output.
Term
Spiral of Silence
Definition
If we think our views are in the minority on a controversial issue, most of the time we will be less willing to speak up to defend them.
Term
Situational Theory
Definition
Create a way and vocabulary to talk to the masses.
Term
Classifications of Situational Theory
Definition
Active, Aware, Latent, Non-public
Term
Collapse Model of Corporate Image
Definition
People control the image of the company. There are multiple messages/images held by the company.
Term
Theory
Definition
A description of concepts and specifications of the relationship between those concepts.
Term
Purpose of Theories
Definition
Explain, Predict, Organize, and Solve Practical Problems
Term
Scientific Research
Definition
The only thing we know is what we can see and touch. Driven by knowledge and concrete facts.
Term
Critical - Status Quo
Definition
There are injustices all around us and we must strive to understand them, but not necessarily change them.
Term
Social Construction Research
Definition
Can be both scientific objective and humanistic subjective.
Term
Humanistic Research
Definition
Reality was created from language. It is therefore different for every individual.
Term
Conceptual
Definition
How a researcher chooses to define a variable.
Term
Confounding variable
Definition
A variable that cannot or was not controlled for.
Term
Correlation
Definition
Two concepts change together in similar ways.
Term
Causal
Definition
One concept causes the other to be affected.
Term
Temporal
Definition
Certain concepts precede other concepts in time.
Term
Epistemological
Definition
Deals with the way one conducts researchers or gains knowledge.
Term
Ontological
Definition
It discusses the nature of reality.
Term
Axiological
Definition
Science must be value free.
Term
Epistemological
Definition
One should find a theory and conduct a study.
Term
Ontological
Definition
We have no free choice.
Term
Social Change
Definition
Offers a prescription for change.
Term
Operational
Definition
How I will measure the variable
Term
Quantitative Research
Definition
Begins with a theory -> Hypothesis -> Tests the hypothesis
Term
Humanistic Inquiry
Definition
Lets theory emerge -> No hypothesis -> Open minded
Term
Theory of Reasoned Action
Definition
Attitude towards the behavior. Subjective norm. Behavioral intention.
Term
Theory of Planned Behavior
Definition
Perceived behavioral control.
Term
Three approaches to management
Definition
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