Term
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Definition
| writing sample, calling card |
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Definition
| the sale of the right to broadcast radio shows and television shows by multiple radio stations and television stations, without going through a broadcast network, |
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Definition
| the prime rating periods that networks use to set advertising rates--november, february, may, and july. |
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Definition
corporate public relations
agency pr
gov't pr
nonprofit ngo activist pr |
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Term
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Definition
academic field that deals with processes of communication, commonly defined as the sharing of symbols over distances in space and time. Hence, communication studies encompasses a wide range of topics and contexts ranging from face-to-face conversation to speeches to mass media outlets such as television broadcasting. Communication studies, as a discipline, is also often interested in how audiences interpret information and the political, cultural, economic, and social dimensions of speech and language in context.
Math, etc. |
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Definition
study film history, theory, and criticism, as well as the basics of film production.
Watch and scrutinize a subject. |
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Definition
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| family communication qualities |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Cinema is naturalized. Vast knowledge of film history and its cannon, aesthetics, understanding, etc. Composition and Contemplation.
Film=how things are, to confirm, revise, reject those assumptions |
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Term
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Definition
"when man bites dog"
an event that affects the public in some way |
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Definition
| Associated Press, politically neutral because different papers with different viewpoints |
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Term
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Definition
ex. Ida Minerva Tarbell, Upton Sinclair.
pioneered investigative reporting of corrupt practices and problems in govt or business |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| loss of revenues, changing. |
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Term
| corporate public relations |
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Definition
no primary mission, varies, depends on companies and their aims in regard to consumer appeal
investor relations, etc.
Release of quarterly and annual financial results and providing timely info to shareholders regarding any event that meets the definition of materiality (event that could have a positive or negative impact on company's share price)
media relations, internal relations, global, and issues management
focused on a single industry or line of business, more limited career path, more strategic focus |
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Term
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Definition
area of expertise with long-term service for a client or within an industry, work as expert prescribers resolving problems and crises as an outside consultant resolving problems and crises, return to agency once crisis is solved.
Media relations, issues management, crises management, brand building, event planning, corporate reputation work. |
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Term
| government/ public affairs |
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Definition
gov't relations--branch of pr that helps an organization communicate with governmental publics. More organization to govt.
public affairs--type of pr that helps an organization interact with the govt, legislators, interest groups, and media. More external, everyday life
public policy issues--those with potential of maturing into govt regulation |
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Term
| nonprofit/ ngo/ activist pr |
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Definition
nonprofit-exist in order to educate, fund research, advocate, or lobby on behalf of a public initiative, public interest.
involves lobbying govt, rely heavily on member
relations and fundraising or development
NGOS, nongovernmental organizations
soft power groups, do not hold political appointees of
govt agencies, no profit motivation
Often form around social issues ro causes to act in
concert with govt but not be controlled by it,
demonstrate goodwill
Activist groups
special interest groups that arise around an
organization in order to establish some type of change
Comes from everyday citizens
To deal with activist groups is best to engage them in a give and take or symmetrical dialogue to discover issues then resolve conflict. |
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Term
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Definition
the process through which an organization manages its policy and identifies potential problems, issues, or trends that could impact it in the future. Long term, problem solving, platform of fact and value. Autonomy for organization, so it can allocate resources. Build relationships with the public
1. Issue identification
2. issue analysis
3. change options
4. action program |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual balances tensions between opposing variables. |
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Term
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Definition
when people selling the product pay for time or space to enable them to bring the message in a specific unalterable form to audience
Identifies a product, service, or idea, differentiates it from related ones, associates it with things we value and induces us to participate.
Classified by product, whether or not time is purchased (commercials) or provided by outlet as community service(PSA), type of info, type of appeals, types of regulations (advocacy and psa) |
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Term
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Definition
advertisers pay->we pay and ads pay-> we skip ads
Product placement
Blurring Program and Ad Content so viewers think it's programming not the ad |
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Term
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Definition
Product ads
Product as ad
service ads
goodwill ads
advocacy ads
direct response ads (infomercials)
political
issue advocacy (argue for or against, etc) |
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Term
| nontraditional advertising |
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Definition
in store
digital billboards, so messages can change
search advertising, online
sponsored links, contextual advertising
spam |
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Term
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Definition
advocacy-when the company as a good citizen takes a position on a public policy in an ad
psa-not aired in purchased time or space, to convey noncontroversial information to the public. Producers do not pay, so they cannot control placement. |
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Term
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Definition
| must have 2 way relationship as of 04. senders must have valid us postal address. |
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Term
| ads revealing advertisers |
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Definition
| commercials are required tags that identify the author |
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Term
| ads revealing intended audience |
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Definition
visual, verbal, association, etc.
characters in commercials identify with audience. |
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Term
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Definition
simplified, innacurate conceptions.
Make it possible to form generalizations about a person or character without requiring a lot of evidence. The less time tv producers have to communicate a message, the more likely they are to rely on stereotypes, often implausible to avoid offense. |
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Term
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Definition
advertising embeds assumptions not directly related to the products being advertised.
tv creates expectations in us a lll about class of society.
Audiencce is not deciding whether or not to buy a product, but which brand to buy. |
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Term
| interplay of news and advertising |
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Definition
messages --> impressions
ads correlate with news/
cholesterol scare--cheerios! |
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Term
| impact of content on society |
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Definition
| mean world syndrome, expectations, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| see what is and isn't being watched, but no way to tell what is or isn't liked. |
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Term
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Definition
| the network brass believed in it (if ratings weren't high) |
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Term
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Definition
| networks have them, smaller stations in every market. often ownwned and operated by the network |
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Term
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Definition
70s
MTM Mary Tyler Moore show-workplace family etc.
Norman Lear-all in the family |
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Term
| Sitcom structure and Content |
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Definition
conservative-analysis at level of situation, episodic.
progressive-analysis at level of character |
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Term
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Definition
| radio, listeners use imagination to create pictures |
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Term
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Definition
• Narrative
• Character-driven
• Not just what, but why. Character’s motivation
• Sound |
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Term
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Definition
o Salience of issues influences
o First-level agenda (recession, etc)
o Second-level agenda (accompany portrayal of first)
• Influence first
o What level stays with voters. (second) |
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Term
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Definition
| perceptions based on media |
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Term
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Definition
| exposure to media-->view most expressed by heaviest users |
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Term
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Definition
• Helps and organizes and its publics adapt mutual to each other
• The art and social science of analyzing trends, predicting their consequences, counseling organizational leaders, and implementing planned programs of action, which will serve both the organization and the public interest.
• Planned effort to influence public opinion through mutually satisfactory, two-way, socially responsible performance and communication based on mutually satisfactory two-way communication |
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Term
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Definition
• Research-problem?
• Planning-what do we do about problem?
• Action-fix
• Evaluation-how did we do? |
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Term
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Definition
one way-publicity
two way-asymmetric, symmetric (feedback is crucial) |
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Term
| Traditional PR Communication Model--don't memorize |
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Definition
• Communication
• Awareness
• Interest
• Research
• Trial
• Evaluation
• Partial Adoption
• Adoption |
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Term
| Behavioral PR Communication Model---don't memorize |
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Definition
• Communication
• Awareness
• Latent readiness
• Triggering event
• Intermediate behavior
• Potential relationship opportunities
• Opinion leaders
• Communication
• Ultimate desired behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| public speaking, internal com, event planning, communitry relations, social media, product com, online com, crisis management, etc. |
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Term
| Power of Advertising--don't memorize |
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Definition
• Connects with people
• Create dialogue
• Create awareness
• Create brand image
• Change perception
• Create emotional bond
• Motivate consumers |
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Term
| interpersonal communication |
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Definition
contextual: between tow people, exchange of info
Developmental: making connection, relationship |
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Term
| types of interpersonal communication |
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Definition
task-oriented
relationship-oriented
image-oriented |
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Term
| fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
Perception problem.
Once we get to know someone, we are no longer as perceptive as we used to be. |
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Term
| Motives of Interpersonal Communication |
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Definition
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Term
| Six Influences of Interpersonal Exchange |
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Definition
Dean Barnlund
self
other
other's perception of you
your perception of other's perception of you
other's perception of your perception of him or her |
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Term
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Definition
availability
primacy/regency
perceptual actualization (assign characteristic we week)
generalizing/ stereotyping
levels of disclosure |
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Term
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Definition
amount
intimacy
valence-negative or positive
intent
veracity |
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Term
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Definition
Interpersonal Disclosure Model
arena-known to all
blind spot-known to others
facade-known to self not others
unknown |
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Term
| Expectations of Disclosure |
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Definition
norm of reciprocity
norm of temporal sequence
pausation/phonation ration
speech on set latency |
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Term
| Knapp's model of relationship development |
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Definition
COMING TOGETHER, growth stages
o Initiation
o Experimenting
o Intensifying
o Integrating (us, we)
o Bonding (ex. Marriage)
RELATIONAL MAINTENANCE
COMING APART
o Differentiating- can be the ultimate growth stage, mostly not
• separate, but together. Lose identity
o Circumscribing-annoyed
o Stagnating-where amount of disclosure is almost nothing. Stay for the sake of easiness.
o Avoiding
o Terminating
Required stages
o Initiation
o Terminating |
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Term
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Definition
| late 1800s, panorama, illusion of continuity |
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Term
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Definition
| late 1800s, panorama, illusion of continuity |
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Term
| Chronophotographic cameras |
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Definition
| successive frames, shutter (interval of blackness in exposure of each frame coated with light-sensitive emulsion), recorded frame after frame from 10-40 frames per second |
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Term
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Definition
| persistent afterimages, human eye perceives individual frames as a continuous motion |
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Term
| Thomas Edison's Kinetograph |
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Definition
kinetograph-recording images
kinetoscope-viewing |
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Term
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Definition
Lumiere brothers, record and project.
How to ensure the film advances at a uniform rate to resynthesize the recorded image. |
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Term
| prints and negatives, films |
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Definition
| decomposing or bursting into flame, fading or melting into illegibility. 80% silent films are lost. |
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Term
| different forms of cinema |
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Definition
| talkies, color, widescreen formats. gauges (8mm for home, 36 mmm theaters, 65mm imax), storage technology, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
capacity to arrange and rearrange time and motion, reveals its dimensions that are social, historical, industrial, etc.
Cinema reflects and shapes history. |
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Term
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Definition
Einstein theory of combination.
Directs or restricts the viewer
s attention through editing. limiting capacity for contemplation, finding gaps or loose associations |
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Term
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Definition
analysis, cinematography, mise-en-scene, editing, sound, narrative, how films solicit our attention and responses.
Test assumptions |
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Term
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Definition
| product placements, ties to other commodities |
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Term
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Definition
| many films tell stories, chain of events in cause-and-effect relationship cinema |
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Term
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Definition
| avant-garde, non-narrative. Mind altercation, rejection, art. |
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Term
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Definition
| explore social consequences of technological innovation and challenge complacency |
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Term
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Definition
"Dream Factory"-Hortense Powdermaker
Largest film industry is India, Bollywood
National film industries have never been pure |
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Term
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Definition
| expensive and widely promoted super productions, used tot combat with television |
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Term
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Definition
Laemmle, Lawrence Baggot
stardom= motive of pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of deep focus, or maintaining many planes of action in focus simultaneously...? |
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Term
| nature of cinematic expression |
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Definition
| Bazin, positioning on the classic analytical scale would lead to a judgement of the director's political/philosophical value. Related to neorealism, stuff ad Rossellini |
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Term
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Definition
| placement and movement of actors and objects within a frame....related to motifs |
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Term
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Definition
comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable
surveillance, correlation, cultural transmission, (and mobilizing the public) |
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Term
| pseudo-events in journalism |
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Definition
| press conferences, other staged events. Influence the news. |
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Term
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Definition
| not much has happened, air human interest stories. |
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Term
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Definition
mass distribution of newspapers, early 19th century.
Before that, editors relied on news brought to their offices. Now, need to apply to larger audience, more news |
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Term
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Definition
| journalism, NY Herald, founded staples such as editorials, public affairs reporting, financial page. |
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Term
| 1800s rsie in various minority or ethnic papers |
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Definition
Mary Shadd Cary-First african american woman to edit a newspaper.
Ida B. Wells-born a slave, secretary of Afro-American Press Association late 1800s |
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Term
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Definition
news that exaggerated or featured lurid details and depictions
William Randolph Hearst, SFExaminer and NYJournal
-not always true, but enjoyable.
Joseph Pulitzer, NYWorld, etc
-illustrations, racy stule, colorful headlnes. Public service journalism and accurate reporting. Yellow Journalism |
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Term
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Definition
| 1950s, broadcasting dramatic radio reports from London during WWII and then popular CBS news tv programs--television distracts, deludes, amuses, and insulates us |
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Term
| electronic news gathering |
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Definition
| equipment allowed journalists to capture and send videotaped news by satellite, influenced nature of video storytelling and 24 hour cable news operations |
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Term
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Definition
Free and Responsible Press, 1947.
The public has a right to information that affects it and the press has a responsibility to present that information. With that comes morals. |
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Term
| separation of editorial and business |
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Definition
| ensures news coverage is not influenced by business decisions or advertisers who threaten to stop advertising if they don't like the coverage of an issue |
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Term
| fairness and balance in journalism |
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Definition
replaced goal of objectivity
people cannot be unbiased--objectivity is only a mask
Must present both sides, but can give more attention to more popular or important sides. |
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Term
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Definition
often frame before then make the story fir into that frame
cannot be avoided |
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Term
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Definition
| more to be filled, due to technology and 24-hour news |
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Term
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Definition
explain the story by placing facts into broader context, opened door to variety of styles.
new journalism-pov, etc.
literary journalism- muckraking, slow pace
advocacy- tied to reform |
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Term
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Definition
radical journalism
audience--working class
problem--advertisers didn't want to associate |
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Term
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Definition
civic journalism
early 1990s
watchdog role, citizenry
trust |
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Term
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Definition
blogging, etc.
not political or radical agenda |
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Term
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Definition
| no embargo (holding) because of competition |
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Term
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Definition
| when mentioned on a popular blog, the site can crash |
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Term
| Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ) |
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Definition
ensures that journalism is practiced professionally and ethically and is fulfilling its role in society
Test accuracy, don't misrepresent, etc. |
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Term
| specialized journalism types |
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Definition
business and financial
arts and ent.
sports
health or medical
science and technology
environmental |
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Term
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Definition
| intense coverage for a short time |
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Term
| Types of interpersonal relationships |
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Definition
family
friendship
romantic
online |
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Term
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Definition
| web of relationships connecting people |
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Term
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Definition
availability
caring
hoensty
trust
loyalty
empathy |
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Term
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Definition
| love-deep affection for ad attachment, with varying passion, commitment, or intimacy |
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Term
|
Definition
| hyperpersonal, lacks verbal cues and stuff |
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Term
| functions of relationships |
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Definition
COMPANIONSHIP-need for, long to be included. lack of can be damaging psychologically
STIMULATION-nobody wants to be bored
ACHIEVING GOALS |
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Term
| Issues that influence the likelihood of establishing particular relationships |
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Definition
PROXEMITY - must be physically there to be healthy usually'
PHYSICAL ATTRACTION
SIMILARITY |
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Term
|
Definition
Attraction-similarity hypothesis---extent we project ourselves onto others influences attraction to them
Matching hypothesis--seek relationships with those who have comparable attractiveness
Genetic-similarity hypothesis---attracted to same ethnic group |
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Term
| social exchange of costs and benefits |
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Definition
balancing advantages and disadvantages of a relationship
Relatinoships begin, grow, develop, and deteriorate based on this |
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Term
| Rewards, in regard to social exchange of costs and benefits |
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Definition
extrinsic--things you gain from association with another person
instrumental--resources and favors (living together)
intrinsic--result from intimacy (trust, safety) |
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Term
| uncertainty reduction theory |
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Definition
Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese
When two people meet, their main focus is on decreasing the uncertainty that lies between them, then become better at predicting what the other will say. Obtain information about each other. |
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Term
| Ways to reduce uncertainty |
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Definition
MONITORING--allows you to observe and evaluate people as they go about
PROACTIVE STRATEGIES--more direct, involve direct and indirect questioning
INDIRECT STRATEGIES--when issues are too sensitive to be brought up |
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Term
| Relational Dialects Theory |
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Definition
Dialectical tensions arise when opposing or conflicting goals exist in a relationship
autonomy v. connection
openness v. closedness
predictability v. novelty |
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Term
| social penetration theory |
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Definition
how partners move their relationships from superficial levels to levels of intimacy, like shrek.
interpersonal disclosure
superficial, intimate, personal, core
breadth-->depth |
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Term
| communication privacy management theory |
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Definition
Sandra Petronio
how people perceive the information they hold about themselves and how they disclose or protect it |
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Term
| Relationship repair tactics |
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Definition
improve communication, etc.
reconcilliation--rekindle.
Spontaneuous develiopment
third party mediation
high affect
tacit persistence-one refuses to give up
mutual interaction
avoidance-miss each other |
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Term
|
Definition
positive tone messages -fatalism, compromise, fair
deescalation-promise of friendship
withdrawal or avoidance
justification-emphasize positive outcome of breaking up
negative identity management-emphasize enjoyment of life, nonnegotiation |
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Term
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Definition
eros-erotic, sexual
ludus-playful, casual
storge-lacks passion
pragma-committed, practical
mania-intense, romantic
agape-selfless, romantic |
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Term
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Definition
| facilitate flow of information to and from organizations to publics outside its boundaries |
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Term
|
Definition
| The primary words, impressions or feelings we convey in our advertising and marketing and pr |
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Term
|
Definition
1. identify public issues and friends in public expectations
scan environment, track trends, develop forecasts,
identify trends and issues of interest to organization
2. evaluate impact and set priorities
assess impacts and probability of recurrence
prepare for further analysis
3. conduct research and analysis
categorize, ensure priorities, involve functional areas,
develop and analyze position options
4. develop strategy
analyze position and strategy options, decide on
position and strategy, integrate with overall business
strategy
5. implement strategy
disseminate, develop tactics, develop alliances, link
with internal and external communication networks
6. evaluate strategy
assess results, modify implementation plans, conduct
additional research |
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Term
|
Definition
| monitoring for emerging issues and predicting the future importance of issues |
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Term
|
Definition
research, knowledge, policies formulated through issues management are communicated to legislative public
related to public affairs and govt relations |
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Term
|
Definition
| teach, delight, move action. Romans |
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Term
|
Definition
| small social group bonded by ties of good, civil contract, and commitment to car for and be responsible for one another. First and most basic. |
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