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Components of a speaking situation |
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the circumstances under which you deliver your speech (circumstances include: speaker, audience, & occassion) |
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an uncritical, process of generating ideas. |
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| the study of the audience for the speech |
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| tailoring your speech to the needs, interest, and expectations of your listeners |
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| some specific aspect of a subject |
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| a visual means of exploring connections between a subject and related ideas |
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| ignoring the values, needs, and interests of your audience members, leaving them excluded from the speech |
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| statements of how and why the ideas you offer are of interest to your listeners |
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| assuming all members if a group behave or believe alike simply b/c they belong to the group |
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| the range of democratic characteristics represented in an audience (culture, age, beliefs, sex) |
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| is perception based on if your knowledgeable, trustworthy, and personable |
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| Subject-related Audience Data |
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Audience knowledge Audience interest Audience attitude toward the subject Audience toward you as a speaker |
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Method for gathering Audience data |
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observe survey question educated guess |
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| is a questionnaire designed to gather information directly from people |
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| forced to choose between two answers |
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| measure direction of intensity of audience feeling or attitude |
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encourage respondent to elaborate (explian there answer) |
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information discovered by other people (books, articles, newspapers, internet, and statistical resources) |
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the process of conducting your own study to acquire the information you need (surveys, interviews, artifacts, documents, and experiment) |
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| your experiences or education that qualifies you to speak with authority on a specific subject |
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magazines and that appear at fixed periods (used for current events or specialized events) |
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| Newsgroup of Bulletin board |
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| is an gathering place for people w/similar interest |
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| questions the interviewer plans ahead of time |
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| questions designed to purse the answer given to primary questions |
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| broad-based questions that ask the interviewee to provide perspective, ideas, information, or opinions |
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| narrow focus questions that require only very brief answers |
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| questions phrased in way that dont direct a persons answers |
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- questions phrased in a way that suggests the interviewer has a preferred answer.
(leading someone on) |
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| consulting the latest or up-to-date information you can find |
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specific instances based on reflections about future events. |
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| brief often amusing stories |
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| accounts, personal experiences, tales, or lengthier stories |
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| are references to an original source, made at the point in the speech where information from that source is presented |
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| complete sentence statements of the two to five central ideas that will be used in the thesis statement |
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| is a one or two sentenced summary of the speech that incorporates the general and specific goals and previews the main points |
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| when wording of point follows the same structural pattern, often using the same introductory word |
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| organizing the main points of the speech in chronological sequence or by steps in a process |
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| organizing the main points as a story or series of stories |
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| organizing the main points of a persuasive speech by reasons that support the speech goal |
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| organizing the main points of the speech by categories or divisions of subject |
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| developmental material that will be used in the speech, including, personal experiences, examples, illustrations, anecdotes, statistics, and quotations |
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| words, phrases, or sections that show a relationship between or bridge, two ideas (they act like tour guides leading the audience from point to point through the speech) |
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| complete sentences that show the relationship between or bridge, major parts of a speech (they help the audience follow organization of ideas in the speech and help us retain information) |
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| words or phrases that connect pieces of supporting material to the main point or sub-point they address (good example: first, second, and third) |
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| the tendency to remember the first and last items conveyed orally in a series than the items between |
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| a sentence or two that grabs your listeners attention by shocking them in some way |
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| a question that seeks a mental response rather than a direct response |
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| question that demands an overt response from the audience usually by a show of hands (its demanding) |
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| is a brief story about something that happened to you or a hypothetical situation that listeners can imagine themselves in |
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| a statement of how and why your speech relates to or might affect your listeners |
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o Organizing source by authors last name o Organize by content category, with items listed alphabetically by author within each category |
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| Elements of a good speech title |
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o Simple statement(straightforward title) o Question (phrasing your speech goal as a question) o Creative title-(combine a familiar saying or metaphor with the simple statement of subject) |
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| Elements of a good speech |
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| has to attract audience, preview content, build interest, |
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a speech whose goal is to explain or describe facts, truths, and principles in way that stimulates interest, facilities understanding, and increases the likelihood of remembering (lecture, narrative story) |
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| occurs when we think about something from a variety of perspectives |
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| the ability to produce original ideas and insights |
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| is a method of informing that explains something by focusing on how it is similar to and different from other things |
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is a method of informing that explains something by showing how it is done, by displaying the stages of a process, or by depicting how something works (organize steps into time-ordered hierarchy so that the audience will be able to remember the sequence of actions accurately) |
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| is an informative presentation that provides carefully researched in-depth knowledge about a complex title |
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