Term
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Definition
Our understanding of how we are similar to /different from others
How individuals are positioned by and position themselves in the world through language and action |
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Term
| Ashcraft: Understanding gender and organizing |
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Definition
Frame 1: Gender differences at work
Frame 2: Gender Identity as Organizational Performance
Frame 3: Gendered Organizations
Frame 4: Gendered Narratives in Popular Culture |
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Term
| Frame 1: Gender differences at work |
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Definition
Men engage in report talk
Women engage in rapport talk
In organizations: Women don’t negotiate or ask for promotions
In personal lives: the second shift (Hochschild, 1989); having children is viewed as a personal choice rather than a public good
Valuing “women’s way” in organizations |
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Term
| Frame 2: Gender as Organizational Performance |
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Definition
Gender is accomplished through Doing gender rather than Being
Micropractices (day to day behavior)
Examples: strippers performing the role that customers desire (reward: higher tips); oil rig workers showing stoicism in front of work hazards and injuries (reward: keeping the job)
Emotion Labor = organizationally controlled feelings; employees are required to enact specific emotions in the interest of the organization (Hochschild, 1989); “happy face”
Performing gender at home – shop floor workers performing masculinity (Collinson, 1992)
The organization = as stage |
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Term
| Frame 3: Gendered Organizations |
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Definition
Organizations themselves are gendered
Gendered types of work are reproduced by org hierarchies
women – support roles
males – leadership roles
Career choices – dominant ideology has created a preference for the male worker
Difficult for women to embody the “ideal worker”
Recruiting and promoting practices contribute to gender and race segregation
Org policies: Maternity leave framed as a “benefit” or bonus rather than automatic right |
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Term
| Frame 4: Gendered Narratives in Popular Culture |
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Definition
Popular culture is gendered
Ashcraft & Mumby (2004)
After the 1918 war - popular images of pilots as “hard-living, hard-drinking boys”.
In the 20s and 30s - To ease the public concern, a new discourse emerged about “lipstick pilots”, “ladybirds” who managed to fly airplanes – flying was easy – not real work
40s – move back towards the flying as a masculine, white profession
Consumption
Self-help books as identity resources |
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