Term
| Natural Rights theory (from john locke) |
|
Definition
| Idea that we are born with certain rights. 14th amendment- says people have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. federal constitution trumphs the state constitution. Also turns african american men into citizens. Grants citizenship to every male born in this country. |
|
|
Term
| Why is the natural rights theory important in terms of advertising? |
|
Definition
| The american assumption is that if you have a lot of money you must be happier. Advertising is seen as the proponent of how capitalism works- the primary way you pursue happiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| idea of social darwinism carries the idea that people compete in the market place and public arena, whoever emerges is just smarter stronger and better. Extends idea that people and companies should compete. |
|
|
Term
| When it comes to social darwinism- what is advertising? |
|
Definition
| The ultimate competition mechanism |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of modern advertising (5 things) |
|
Definition
1.) Developed by professionals
2.) Repetition
3.) Style
4.) Ubiquity
5.) We deny influence on us |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of modern advertising- Developed by professionals |
|
Definition
| Smart, talented people whose careers are made up of advertising, they get paid to manipulate us. Cutthroat- you manipulate or you get fired. New trend is that you get paid by the amount of product your advertisement sells |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of modern advertising- Repition |
|
Definition
| Belief in repetition things become familiar to us and that familiarity becomes comforting and we begin to make choices based on that familiarity. That you will default into buying them |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of modern advertising- Style |
|
Definition
"Tall Talk" Tall Talk, puffery, a language of exaggeration and unverifiable language, no truth or false standards.
ex:Advil- advanced medicine for pain, not just medicine for pain but advanced |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of modern advertising- Ubiquity |
|
Definition
average american exposed to 1500 ads per day. Advertisers work very hard to put ads everywhere.
top shows with ad placement
1.) biggest loser
2.) american idol
3.) the apprentice
4.) deal or no deal
whats in common? all reality shows. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| between 100,000 - 500,000. rarely goes over 500k, but there is a requirement to also buy commercial time along with product placement. |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of modern advertising- Denial of influence |
|
Definition
| we deny the influence on ourselves, and the people we know, but an affect that it influences on people we dont know |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.) GE (NBC, MSNBC, largest weapon maker)
2.) Time warner (AOL, CNN, HBO, Time mag., people, comcast)
3.) Disney (ABC, ESPN, Pixar, book companies)
4.) News corp (Rupert Murdock, fox, wallstreet j, national geog.)
5.) CBS
6.) Viacom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very few companies that control an industry. Media companies with sell 30-50 times their annual earnings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Economic term that refers to acquiring more and more steps in which creates and distributes your product. Ex: Disney owns the talent search companies and the movie producing facilities, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| economic value to buying up differnet kinds of media companies. with this you can cross promote your ideas. |
|
|
Term
| Concerns of oligopoly (4 things) |
|
Definition
1.) Fewer independent voices
2.) Media owners involvement in public arena
3.) Ownership unclear to public
4.) Loss of local connection |
|
|
Term
| Concerns of advertising- few independent voices |
|
Definition
| Small number of key companies and people own the means of discussion. Content turned into white bread, boring, undangerous, not ratical content. |
|
|
Term
| Concerns of advertising- media owners involved in public arena |
|
Definition
| People who own the media tend to be engaged in the political arena. Rupert murdock from australia and critisized for being heavily conservative both here and there |
|
|
Term
| Concerns of advertising- Ownership unclear to public |
|
Definition
| We don't know who owns the media, unaware that certain content we are watching or reading or listening to pertains to other products they also own. |
|
|
Term
| Concerns of advertising- loss of local connection |
|
Definition
| No local connection that makes it so it doesnt matter if you write a critical story because it doesnt affect them in that area. |
|
|
Term
| 3 things you can do if you dont like the content |
|
Definition
1.) contact media and voice criticism, surprisingly you actually get listened to
2.) in WA, you can file a complaint with the washington state news council
3.) sue the media, one major brick wall: the 1st amendment |
|
|
Term
| Media Monopoly- Bagdikian |
|
Definition
| spoke about fewer owning more and the media concentration. in 1983, 50 companies produced 95% of the media. People were outraged. in 2004, 5 do. People accept this |
|
|
Term
| De-regulation of mass media- reasons for it |
|
Definition
-Reagan administration favored de-regulation for all industries
-public liked it b/c it meant lower costs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Looser restrictions on the number of over-the-air tv properties that a single owner could hold
-12 and 12, max number of stations you can own
-TV can only own 1 station per market
-You cannot reach more that 25% of the US audience |
|
|
Term
| broadcast license that was eliminated |
|
Definition
| they eliminated a rule that demanded that you could not buy and sell within 3 years |
|
|
Term
| Telecommunications act of 1996- radio ownership |
|
Definition
-No restrictions on total number of stations for any owner
-Only 5 can be owned in a market
-Can only reach 50% in a market |
|
|
Term
| Telecommunications act of 1996- TV ownership |
|
Definition
-No restrictions on OTA nationally
-Can only reach 35% of US audience
-Can own more than 1 station in a market |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A. Changes to “35% of audience” rule for TV stations
-June 2003, FCC TV can reach 45% of US, networks immediately begin buying stations
-Sept. 2003, 55-40 to repeal this policy
-Nov. 2003, TV could reach 39% of US, coincidentally 39% was the number of companies that Rupert Murdoch owns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A false attack on someone's reputation that appears in a media outlet and leads to a loss of ones good name, humiliation, mental suffering, or embarrassment. |
|
|
Term
| Public vs Private Figures |
|
Definition
| Legally different under libel law, public figures are ones who the court decide are well known to the public, harder for them to win libel cases. wanted to give journalists leeway on people who influence the public |
|
|
Term
| Private vs public figures came from what case? |
|
Definition
| New York Times vs. Sullivan |
|
|
Term
| What did the NY times vs sullivan case say? |
|
Definition
| MLK arrested for purgery in alabama, his followers buy a full page ad in NY times stating that the policeman was holding him under false charges (sullivan). Sullivan sues for libel stating that it hurt his reputation. Wins case, NY appeals it, court said it did not lie and that in order for this to be true he must prove that NY times acted with outright malice. This becomes the new guidelines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The publishing of information with knowledge that its false or with reckless disregard for whether or not its true. |
|
|
Term
D. Gertz vs Robert Welch
-private figures & "negligence" |
|
Definition
| Court says that the private figure need only to prove that the media acted with negligence. If that had been the case with sullivan, he as a private figure would have won |
|
|
Term
| Two things needed to win a libel case |
|
Definition
1.) notion of malice
2.) Proof of actual malice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.) if you can prove the truth of something, youre fine
2.) qualified privilege, the element of the law that allows media to report on things that happen in court rooms and legislative proceedings without fear thats something thats said there might actually be false.
3.) Fair comment: media has the first amendment right to express their opinion on public issues, like food critics, theaters, sports, etc |
|
|
Term
| Four kinds of invasion of privacy that the media cannot get away with |
|
Definition
1.) Intrusion of a persons physical or mental solitude
2.) Publishing or disclosing embarrassing or personal facts
3.) Publishing information that places someone else in false light
4.) Using someone's name or likeness for commercial benefit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Illegal “to physically invade the privacy of the plaintiff with the intent to capture any type of visual image, sound recording, or other physical impression of the plaintiff engaging in a personal or familial activity and the physical invasion occurs in a manner that is offensive to a reasonable person.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bans Language or material that describes in a offensive way sexual or excretory organs or activities.
Must be kept between 6am-10pm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Language that denotes certain of those personally reviling epithets naturally tending to provoke violent resentment or [is] so grossly offensive to members of the public who actually hear it as to amount to a nuisance |
|
|
Term
| Public's viewpoint on decency and profanity |
|
Definition
-2004 study concluded 2/3 parents are worried about the language sex and violence content in the media. Says it contributes to their child's behaviors.
-2003 Bono gets away with saying "fucking brillinat", doesn't get that many complaints but
-2004, famous JJ JT performance during the superbowl, 1.4 million complaints. Also an election year. |
|
|
Term
| What effects did these mishaps have? |
|
Definition
-Media outlets now regularly have delays, so there’s about a 5 second delay while watching things like football games.
-removal or entertainers or shows from the air because they dont want to run the risk of getting fined
-regularly the case now that certain songs do not get played between 6am-10pm. for fear the lyrics will be construed as sexual or profane. |
|
|
Term
| New FCC penalties in regards to these mishaps |
|
Definition
| Now if it happens once, its a problem. Increased penalty to 500,000 per incident. Dropped back down to 325,000, but now before going back into the past and slapping a 5k fine on viacom and CBS for bonos statement |
|
|
Term
| Chief justice right now and his standings |
|
Definition
| John Roberts, has two young children so very adamant on the censorship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The act of injecting one culture of a nation with another culture of a nation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smaller countries are losing their identity due to the force-feeding of media from larger nations. Subjects such as democracy are threatening to non-democratic countries |
|
|
Term
| Global cultural flow- in terms of music |
|
Definition
| starts somewhere, moves somewhere else and morphs and changes, and the changes go on and change original somewhere else, and so on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| China declared a lot of bad stuff coming in to their "intranet" so they filter it. Only 4 gates in their entire system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-All foreign news services
-Human rights things- amnesty international
-any kind of pro democracy/anti communism vent is banned, or very carefully monitored. |
|
|
Term
| How many gov't agencies does china have providing "cyber police?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many words on their filter list that picks up banned things? |
|
Definition
| 500, including things such as democracy, demonstration, protests, assemblies, gatherings, religious movements, truth, tolerance, compassion |
|
|
Term
| Actions of US computer companies |
|
Definition
Regularly modify their software to qualify with china's censorship standings. Not all companies do this because of the moral issue, but yahoo, msn, google, and youtube have all modified their settings for chinese view
ones that dont modify: Wallstreet j, NY times, USA today, time mag |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| jamaica was ruled by great britain till it gained independence in 1962. In colonial period, jamaica was a major point in the slave and rum trades. as a result, there were many different cultrual traditions that interacted in jamaica. spend time there, party, etc. With a mixing point of different cultures, ska music develops there in the 1960s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mix of jamaica drumming and dancing with americans rhythm and blues. Begins to define jamaica and who they are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Idea that "god dwells in all of us" and that the music will help us feel this. Two things included:
1.) spiritual dimensions
2.) because of the environment they live in, the newly independent jamaica, they bring a strong sense of liberation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Foreign music companies begin to higher musicians from jamaica and begin to distribute it and it becomes known as “reggae” music. music becomes very comfortable and popular. apex of reggae- marley bros. Within a decade of the independence of jamaica. Bob and Cliff become world music stars and begin to take it globally. Evolution from ska music (african and american music) to reggae (religious spiritual themes) and distributed globally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.) Printed Pamphlets
2.) Oral Selling
3.) Sign boards |
|
|
Term
| Three things early ads focused on |
|
Definition
1.) Land sales
2.) Runaways, slaves and children
3.) Transportation services |
|
|
Term
| What were early ads initially for? What were some characteristics? |
|
Definition
Back then same people wrote and printed newspaper, they didnt use ads to make money but saw it as a public service.
They were in very small type, to take up as little space as possible. |
|
|
Term
| When did ads become prevalent? What was a major important change? |
|
Definition
| When penny newspapers came out, started charging for ads instead and saw a lot of money could be made from them. This made it a commercial business owned by the people for the people and not ran by the government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Circus showman, created a set of advertisements with dramatic claims and images to compel people to come see the circus. First to emphasize emotion in ads |
|
|
Term
| Role of Scribner's Magazine |
|
Definition
-First to run full page ads
-First to go out and solicit ads from people, asking people to advertise
Other magazines soon followed |
|
|
Term
| Shifts in advertising- Shift from description to promotion |
|
Definition
Description- set of factual information.
Promotion- Words that are used to promote the product and to get us to buy it once so we'll continue to buy it the rest of our lives. No longer trying to fill existing needs, but create new ones. |
|
|
Term
| Shift from word intensive ads to image conscious ads |
|
Definition
word intensive- lots of words filled into a small spot to explain a product
images- images began to trump words, creating slogans that went a long with a product to where you could visually relate a slogan with a product |
|
|
Term
| shift from local to national markets |
|
Definition
local markets are markets where products are produce and sold in one area.
national markets are products that can go across the country.
Railroads first national advertisers, most ads now is nationally advertised |
|
|
Term
| Implications of these shifts? (3) |
|
Definition
1. Avertising dominated by national products, since there is a shift to a national market, AKA we begin to have products from national brands.
2. established a consumer society: consumer society: a society that is economically founded on the idea that people will buy stuff. Idea that we make money and spend it
3.) commercial media system, one that is not based upon government funding but based upon people and companies. Weakness is we turn the control over to people who have money. |
|
|
