Term
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Definition
-film fed through a reel
-goes past lens
-then aperture
-to take up reel
-shutter admits light through lens when frame is unmoving |
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Term
| Characteristics of Projector |
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Definition
-an inverted camera
-drive mechanism feeds film from reel
-past lens
-past aperture
-to take up reel
-light beamed through images & magnified |
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Term
| Film Strip Characteristics |
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Definition
-a negative from camera
-positive print must be made to project
-long ribbon of images
-ab 2 miles for 2 hr movie |
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Term
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Definition
-width of the film strip
-commercial 35mm
-Super 8mm & 16 mm |
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Term
| 3 Phases of Film Business |
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Definition
-Production: group/company makes film.
-Distribution: rents copies to theater chains
-Exhibition: local theaters show it |
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Term
| 3 Phases of Film Production |
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Definition
-Preparation: once a script is complete & some funding assured, filmmakers plan physical production
-Shooting: filmakers create the film's images & sounds
-Assembly: Images & sounds combined in final form. cutting picture & sound, executing special effects, inserting music/ extra dialogue, adding titles |
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Term
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Definition
-Putting in the scene
-what is placed in front of the camera during production |
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Term
| 4 areas of Mise-en-scene: |
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Definition
Setting
Costume/make-up
Lighting
Acting & Staging |
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Term
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Definition
-the locale where the narrative action takes place (NOT passive background)
-Prop: object motivated to operate actively in ongoing action
-helps chart development of narrative |
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Term
| Mise-en-scene: Costume & Makeup |
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Definition
-Makeup can form to character development
ex: rosy cheeks --> happy |
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Term
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Definition
-what makes all other aspects visible
-channels our attention
-shadows
-quality
-direction
-source
-color |
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Term
| Mise-en-scene: Acting & Staging |
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Definition
-Acting: performance of a character in a narrative film
-very dif. than theater
-facial expression & eyes
-bodily gestures
-voice (diction, accent, rhythm)
-Staging: movement of a figure in the frame
-blocking & revealing
-controlling flow of narrative information |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Attached: shadow is attached to the figure
-Cast: figures cast shadows onto other objects |
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Term
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Definition
-Directional
-emphasis on textures
-deep shadows |
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Term
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Definition
-Diffuse
-softer, rounder edges |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-suggests that the lights come from below the subject
-horror genre |
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Term
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Definition
| -spotlight shines down from almost directly above the subject |
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Term
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Definition
Key light
Fill light
Back light
-provides figures with 3D light |
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Term
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Definition
-provides primary illumination
-most intense source |
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Term
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Definition
-Fills in shadows produced by key
-opposite side of key light |
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Term
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Definition
-sets figure off from background
-elevated
-creates "halo" on figures head |
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Term
| High Key lighting vs. Low Key lighting |
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Definition
-High Key lighting: low contrast between brightest and darkest areas
-Low Key lighting: high contrast between brightest and darkest spots
-NOT intensity of key light |
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Term
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Definition
| -ratio of frame width to height |
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Term
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Definition
-1.37:1
-standardized throughout the world until mid 50s |
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Term
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Definition
| -positions viewer looking down at material within the fram |
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Term
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Definition
| -positions viewer looking up at the framed materials |
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Term
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Definition
| -Camera rotated on Z-axis |
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Term
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Definition
-Head level (high)
-Waist level (standard)
-Foot level (low) |
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Term
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Definition
-the degree of difference between the darkest & lightest areas of the frame
-depends partly on stock used |
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Term
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Definition
-regulating the speed at which film moves through camera when shooting
-Slow: more frames need to be shot
-Fast: Less frames shot |
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Term
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Definition
-Range of photographed planes in sharp focus
-long or shallow |
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Term
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Definition
-aka multiple frame imagery
-2 or more images appear within the larger frame
-each has its own frame dimensions & shape
-telephone conversations |
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Term
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Definition
-Distance from center of lens to point where light rays meet on film strip
-measured in millimeters
-Wide angle, normal, telephoto |
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Term
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Definition
-makes space look deeper
-straight lines near edges may curve
-short focal length, long depth of field
-closer to lens looks bigger |
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Term
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Definition
-no distortion
-middle-range focal length |
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Term
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Definition
-makes space look flatter
-compresses planes of space
-long focal length, shallow depth of field |
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Term
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Definition
| -the degree to which light rays coming from the same part of an object through different parts of the lens reconverge at the same point on the film frame, creating sharp outlines and distinct textures |
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Term
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Definition
| -shifting focus from one plane to another |
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Term
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Definition
-uninterrupted shot w/ considerable duration
-not = longshot
-allows performances to play on in real time & space
-shows characters in settings
-builds suspense |
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Term
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Definition
| -a portion of the setting photographed on a strip of film, usually with part of the frame empty |
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Term
| Mobile Framing: Crane shot |
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Definition
| -entire camera moves on a device that travels above ground |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -entire camera held by a person & moves through space in a jerky manner |
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Term
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Definition
| -camera swivels left or right |
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Term
| Mobile Framing: Tracking Shot |
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Definition
| -entire camera moves on a devise that travels above ground |
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Term
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Definition
| -lens effect that magnifies space in front of camera by varying lens focal length |
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Term
| Mobile Framing: retrograde zoom |
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Definition
| -simultaneously moving camera in & zooming out |
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Term
| Motivated Camera Movement |
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Definition
| -Camera movement follows figure |
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Term
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Definition
| -projecting a fictive background behind a character |
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Term
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Definition
Selective: Few planes of space in focus
Deep: all/most planes of a space in focus
-not same as space |
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Term
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Definition
-Distance between camera & object filmed
-esp. human characters
-extreme long shot, long shot, medium long shot, medium shot, medium close up, close up, extreme close up (fragment of figure) |
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Term
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Definition
| -combining 2 images in the same frame |
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Term
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Definition
-Fade in: lightens shot B from black; longer ellipses
-Fade out: gradually darkens end of shot A leaving a black screen |
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Term
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Definition
-briefly superimposes end of shot A over beginning of shot B
-shorter ellipses |
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Term
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Definition
| -Shot B replaces shot A w/ a boundary line that moves across screen |
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Term
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Definition
| -Instantaneous change from one shot to the next |
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Term
| Graphic match vs. conflict |
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Definition
-Graphic match: emphasizing similar graphic elements in shots A and B
-Graphic Conflict: emphasizing graphic differences between shots A and B |
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Term
| Shot/Reverse Shot Editing |
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Definition
-Editing device that links shots showing 2 or more figures conversing
-over the shoulder framing |
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Term
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Definition
-"any series of shots can, without an establishing shot, prompt the viewer to infer a spatial whole from only portions of the space
-a mental geography |
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Term
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Definition
-cutting back & forth between 2 different spaces to imply simultaneity
-used for suspense |
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Term
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Definition
| - changing the image track to a story time earlier than the current scene |
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Term
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Definition
| -changing the image tract to a story time later than the current scene |
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Term
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Definition
| -presents an action in such a way that it consumes less time on the screen than it does in the story |
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Term
| Contiguity editing/ Consistent Screen Direction |
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Definition
-figures moves in same direction across shots to maintain spatial clarity
-keeps things tidy in terms of space
-tells viewer spaces are right next to each other |
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Term
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Definition
-"A system that keeps spatial & temporal relations of a scene clear & coherent"
-style supports narrative |
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Term
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Definition
-axis of action doesn't pass line that cuts space in half
-aim: spatial clarity in a scene |
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Term
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Definition
-every camera position is varied by at least 30 degrees from the previous one
-avoids jumps |
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Term
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Definition
| -the line along which the space of a scene is constructed |
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Term
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Definition
-longer view that situates characters in setting
-MUST feature scene's main figures
-not always at start of scene |
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Term
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Definition
-editing device where shot A shows figure looking and shot B shows what figure sees
-motivated by character glance |
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Term
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Definition
An action that begins in shot A and continues in shot B
-conceals the cut |
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Term
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Definition
| the process whereby the film cues the viewer to compare two or more distinct elements by highlighting some similarity |
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Term
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Definition
| -an eyeline match where character's perspective & camera's perspective are the same |
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Term
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Definition
| -A series of shots that compress a story development into a relatively short amount of screen time |
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Term
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Definition
| -a single shot depicting an object or event that isn't part of the diegesis |
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Term
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Definition
| -transition breaks continuity by 1. offering a brief ellipses during a single action, 2. not moving the camera 30 degrees |
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Term
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Definition
-1990s: more CU in shot/reverse shot
-more attemtion to faces & eyes, eyeline matches, reaction shots & simpler staging of actions |
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Term
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Definition
-viewer cued to recognize the techniques used to tell the story, not just the story itself
-viewer no longer immersed in story but notices the flashiness of style
-ex: Crank (play w/ subtitles) |
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Term
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Definition
| -aggressive crane, track or zoom in toward figure |
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Term
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Definition
-tracking shot follows talking figure(s) in front or back
-"walk and talk" staging |
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Term
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Definition
-Speech
-Music
-Sound Effects
-Silence
-very clear stylistic decision
-can add immensely to the suspense of a scene |
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Term
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Definition
| -conspicuous matching of image & sound to illustrate a characters movements |
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Term
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Definition
| -a cut in the middle of a line of dialogue so that the cut is less abrupt |
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Term
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Definition
-faithfulness to onscreen source
-some objects can't be determined
-(ex: lasers in Star Wars) |
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Term
| Diegetic vs. Non-Diegetic sound |
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Definition
-Diegetic: Source in the story world
-ex: dialogue, music from instrument onscreen
-Non-Diegetic- does NOT have a story world source
-ex: the background score |
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Term
| Internal vs External sound |
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Definition
-Internal (subjective): diegetic; comes from the mind of a character
-voice overs
-External (objective): everyone can hear |
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Term
| Simultaneous vs. non-simultaneous sound |
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Definition
-Simultaneous: sound & image synchronized (synchronous)
-Non-Simultaneous: sound & image NOT synchronized (asynchronous) |
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Term
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Definition
-the relative importance of one kind of sound over others at any given moment in a film
-dialogue usually at top of hierarchy
-BUT, a film shifts between dialogue, score & effects |
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Term
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Definition
| -the amplitude of the vibrations in the air produces our sense of loudness |
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Term
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Definition
-perceived highness or lowness of the sound
-the frequency of sound vibrations vibrations affects this |
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Term
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Definition
| -the harmonic components of sound give it a certain color, or tone quality |
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Term
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Definition
-a narrator recounts story after this time has occurred
-referring back to previous times |
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Term
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Definition
-gives a sense of distance & location
-"the closer, the louder" |
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Term
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Definition
-smooths over transition to new scene
-sound from a previous or upcoming scene can be heard |
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Term
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Definition
-the salient & repeated uses of film techniques, characteristic of a single film or group of films
-films are engineered
-trying to understand the filmmaker |
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Term
| 4 Functions of Film Style |
|
Definition
-Narrative
-Expressive
-Symbolic
-Aesthetic
(NESA) |
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Term
| Narrative Function of Style |
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Definition
-tells about chain of events
-establishing shots give info about narrative space |
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Term
| Expressive function of style |
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Definition
-1. Style expresses character's emotions
-2. Style cues emotional response in the viewer |
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Term
| Symbolic function of style |
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Definition
| -represent idea or concept |
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Term
| Aesthetic function of style |
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Definition
| -pleasure that comes from the aesthetic pattern (ex: lighting) |
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Term
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Definition
-concrete, close to bare-bones plot summary
-meaning depends of spectator's ability to identify specific items |
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Term
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Definition
-fairly concrete
-the point of the film |
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Term
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Definition
-more abstract
-goes beyond what is explicitly stated in the film |
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Term
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Definition
-abstract & general
-situates the film within a trend of thought that is assumed to be characteristic of the time |
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Term
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Definition
| -a regular pattern of repeated elements |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Development (of film form) |
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Definition
| -Patterns of return & progression |
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Term
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Definition
-particularly significant patterns of objects, sounds, colors, character traits, lighting, etc.
-create echoes & parallels that help viewer recognize & appreciate unity |
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Term
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Definition
| -connects parts (scenes, actions, etc.) to create a series of causally related events occurring in space & time |
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Term
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Definition
-Plot- events explicitly presented in a film; what we actually see & hear
-Plot is only Part of the story
-Story- all plot events presented AND all events inferred or assumed by us |
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Term
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Definition
-order of events
-flashbacks, flashforwards |
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Term
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Definition
| -relations between story duration, plot duration, screen duration |
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Term
| Classical Hollywood Narration |
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Definition
| -action will spring primarily from individual characters as causal agents |
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Term
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Definition
| -inferences about what occurred before the plot begins |
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Term
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Definition
-understanding why parts of narrative appear when & where they do
-elements planted early, become important later |
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Term
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Definition
-moment by moment process in story-telling that guides us in building the story out of the plot events presented
-uses stylistic cues
-NOT voice-over narration
-NOT interpretive process |
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Term
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Definition
| -amount of knowledge in relation to characters |
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Term
| Unrestricted vs. Restricted Narration |
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Definition
-Unrestricted: more knowledge than characters
-ex: Titanic (we KNOW ship will sink)
-Restricted: same knowledge as one or more characters
-**a film shifts between these from moment to moment |
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Term
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Definition
| -when we know more, we are at top of hierarchy |
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Term
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Definition
| -kind of knowledge in relation to characters |
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Term
| Objective vs. Subjective Narration |
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Definition
-objective: external behavior shown
-Subjective: showing:
-perceptual subjectivity (POV shot)
-mental subjectivity (dream sequences) |
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Term
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Definition
-Film Form
-plot segmentation (8 parts)
-motif: glass ornament
-repetitions & variation
-first & last scenes "no trespassing"
-1.narrative function, 2.symbolic
-interviews & flashbacks: development
-"Rosebud" motivation (ambiguity, Thompson's goals, development of film |
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Term
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Definition
Mise-en-scene
-Props
-motif=lighter (8 references)
-function: chart development of narrative & Jack
-Lighting
-Backlighting/Silhouetting |
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Term
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Definition
Cinematography
-connects spaces & characters |
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Term
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Definition
Classical Continuity Editing
-transitions
-cross cutting
-rhythmic relations |
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Term
|
Definition
Continuity System
-shot/reverse shot
-over-the-shoulder framing
-180 Degree Rule |
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Term
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Definition
Intensified continuity
-overt narration
-each shot uses camera movement
-push in
-following shots |
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Term
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Definition
Plot
-don't see initial arrest, not part of PLOT
-stylistic cues used |
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Term
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Definition
-Story events not in Plot
-bad experience last time, ambulance ride (ellipses)
-cause & effect
-Duration, frequency, order
-Subjective Narration
-Withheld Info |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| The Lonedale Operator notes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-example of soviet montage
-disjunctive, conceptual
-continuity editing |
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Term
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Definition
-music, louder at end, higher picthed
-sound effects- fast paced, loud, "mickey mousing"
-music helps to segment the film, infer an argument |
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