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COM 442
Final Exam Review
75
Communication
Undergraduate 4
12/09/2009

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Symbol for conflict or crisis
Definition
Danger and Opportunity
Term
Definiton of conflict
Definition
Express struggle, interdepence, and multiple parties.
Term
Relationship between conflict and communication.
Definition
Communication reflects conflict, can create conflict, and can be a vehicle for conflict management.
Term
Definitions of the four horseman
Definition
Criticizing, defensiveness, stonewalling, and contempt.
Term
Critical start-up
Definition
The first moments of a conflict interaction
Term
Characteristics of destructive conflict.
Definition
Competition, inflexibility, contempt, stonewalling, and defensiveness.
Term
Escalatory Spiral
Definition
Destructive, self- perpetuating conflict patters.
Term
Avoidance Spiral
Definition
Both parties withdraw and interact less.
Term
Five changes that occur as conflict escalates
Definition
conflict grows in size, parties move from light to heavy tactics, issues move from specific to general, number of parties involved increases, and goals of parties change.
Term
Characteristics of a retaliatory sprial
Definition
One party perceives that the other party has done something hurtful; andger and a form of punishment result.
Term
Characteristics of a retaliatory sprial
Definition
One party perceives that the other party has done something hurtful; andger and a form of punishment result.
Term
Characteristics of a defensive sprial
Definition
goal is to defend/protect yourself.
Term
Demand withdraw pattern
Definition
One partner confronts the other with criticisms, complaints, or demands. The other partner may respond with defensiveness or stonewalling.
Term
Characteristics of constructive conflict
Definition
Requires flexibility, interdependence, behavioral change, and commitment from both parties to reach their goals.
Term
Definition/function of a limiting metaphor
Definition
conflict is warlike an violent, conflict is explosive, conflict is a trial, and conflict is a struggle.
Term
Definition/function of a neutral metaphor
Definition
Conflict is a balancing act and conflict is a game.
Term
Definition/function of a neutral metaphor
Definition
Conflict is a balancing act and conflict is a game.
Term
Definition/function of a productive metaphor
Definition
Conflict is a bargaining table and conflict is a tide.
Term
Three ways in which the family of origin influences conflict
Definition
Conflict metaphors, conflict styles, and responses to conflict.
Term
Rules of avoidant families
Definition
Conflict doesn't exist, keep it hidden, walk away, snide comments, and sulking and silent treatment.
Term
Rules of a collaborative family
Definition
family meetings, listening skills, be direct and open, no sulking or silent treatment.
Term
Rules of an aggressive family
Definition
"Survival of the fittest", brutal honesty, show emotions regardless of others feelings, have an audience, don't back down.
Term
Definitions of TRIP goals
Definition
T- Topic: different ideas about where to go, what to do etc.
R- Relational: Defines how each party wants to be treated by the other side.
I-Identity/Facework: Maintaining "face", damage control.
P-Process: What method of communication would work best.
Term
Relative ease with which an observer can identify TRIP goals during conflict
Definition
Easy to identify topic and process goals, hard to identify relational and identity/facework goals.
Term
Four features of conflict goals
Definition
1) goals are emergent(prospective, transactive, and retrospective) 2) Goals overlap and differ in primary 3) Not all goals are present in conflict 4) Relational and identity goals underlie others.
Term
Common patterns of change in TRIP goals during conflict
Definition
1)Start with topic gals then change to relational or identity goals 2) move from topic to process goals.
Term
Three tips for goal clarity
Definition
1) do a perspective goal assessment 2) primary goal of conflict should be constructive conflict management 3) Use behavioral specificity
Term
Styles
Definition
Patterned responses or clusters of behavior that people use in conflict.
Term
Tactics
Definition
Individual moves people make to carry out their general approach.
Term
Relationship between styles and tactics
Definition
When you use a tactic numerous times, it becomes a style.
Term
Why is there variety in the number and natue of conflict styles reported across different studies?
Definition
Depending on the context in which the researchers derived the study, there are different numbers and names in conflict styles.
Term
Assertiveness and cooperativeness of each of the five conflict styles (L to R, T to B)
Definition
Competition, Collaboration, Compromise, Avoidance, and Accommodation.
Term
Which conflict styles are active?
Definition
Competition and Collaboration
Term
Which conflict styles are passive?
Definition
Accomodating and Avoiding.
Term
Which conflict style can be both active and passive?
Definition
Compromise
Term
Collaboration
Definition
High levels of concern for one's own goals, the goals of others, and a successful solution to the problem. Tactics: Analytic remarks and conciliatory remarks.
Term
Competition
Definition
Aggressive and uncooperative behavior, pursuing your own concerns at the expense of others. Tactics: Bullying, violence, verbal aggressiveness, and threats.
Term
Accommodating
Definition
Setting aside your own concerns to please the other party. Tactics: Giving up, denial of needs, disengagement, and a desire for hearmony.
Term
Avoiding
Definition
Denial of conflict, changing the subject, being noncommittal. Tactics: topic management, denial, noncommittal remarks, and irreverent remarks.
Term
Compromise
Definition
Neutral style resulting in some gains and some losses. Tactics: Appeal to fairness, suggest a trade-off, and offers a quick short-term solution.
Term
Conditions by which fighting by appointment works
Definition
1) emotions are acknowledged 2) establish a realitic time for continuing the fight.
Term
Threat
Definition
Source must control the outcome, and must be seen as negative.
Term
Warning
Definition
Source does not control the outcome, but it is still seen as negative
Term
Promise
Definition
Source controls the outcome, but it is seen as positive.
Term
Determining the credibility of a threat
Definition

1)Source can administer punishment

2) Source appears willing to punish

3) Recipient wants to avoid punishment

Term
Circular Causality
Definition
A change in one element affects the others (spiderweb)
Term
Morphogeneses
Definition
Process by which a system adapts and grows (back of card)
Term
Morphostasis
Definition
Process by which a system maintains equilibrium or homestasis
Term
Circular Causality
Definition
A change in one element affects the others (spiderweb)
Term
Wholeness in systems theory
Definition
Systems are more than the sum of their individual parts
Term
Gottman's magic ratio
Definition
5:1 positive to negative statements.
Term
Two medical models
Definition
1) Biomedical model- illness is physical and can be examined thru paying attention to the body.
2) biopsychosocial model: health and illness are dictated by physical, social, and psychological elements.
Term
Short-term health effects of conflict
Definition
Decreased immune functioning, increases stres responses, and increased likelihood of risky behavior.
Term
Long-term effects of conflict
Definition
Cardiovascular issues, mental health, negative behavioral patterns, and morbidity/mortality.
Term
Effects of Illness
Definition
Resources, Relationships, Reactions to Conflict, Styles & Tactics, and Conflict Metaphors.
Term
Stages of Pondy's Model of organizational conflict
Definition
Stage 1- Latent Conflict: Conditions are present for conflict to develop.
Stage 2- Perceived Conflict: Conflict cognitions form.
Stage 3- Felt Conflict: Affective reactions to conflict
Stage 4- Manifest Conflict: Conflict behavior.
Stage 5- Conflict Aftermath: Individual, relational, and organizational effects of conflict.
Term
Three broad areas of research on conflict and media
Definition
Media content, media use, and media effects.
Term
Gender portraits in the media.
Definition
Men as competitiors, women as collaborators. Men as physically aggressive, women as relationally aggressive, and brothers get the attention while sisters fade into the background.
Term
PAT coding scheme.
Definition
P-Perpetrator, A-Aggressive Acts, T- Target
Term
Effects of viewing verbal aggression in the media
Definition
physiological, psychological, and communicative.
Term
The five power currencies
Definition
Personal, Resource, Intimacy, Social Network, Expertise
Term
Strategies employed by collaborative negotiators
Definition
Log rolling, cost cutting, bridging, and non-specific compensation.
Term
The four elements of principled negotiation
Definition
1) Separate the people from the problem
2) Focus on interests, not positions
3) Invent options more mutual gain
4) Use objective criteria for decision making
Term
Moderation
Definition
The regulation of conflict from the inside out through personal communication change.
Term
Watershed Principle
Definition
Small changes reverberate through the entire system.
Term
Revenge
Definition
Attempting to inflict harm inreturn for harm done.
Term
Restraint
Definition
Holding back one's desire to act on vengeful feelings.
Term
The four types of revenge
Definition
1) Direct & Active
2) Direct & Passive
3) Indirect & Active
4) Indirect & Passive
Term
The process of emotion
Definition
Experience a stimulus, interpret arousal, label it, and manage it.
Term
Emotions
Definition
Requre a stimulus that creates arousal and effors to interpret and manage that arousal.
Term
Feelings
Definition
Short term emotional responses that don't involve much interpretation.
Term
Moods
Definition
Low intensity states that don't require a stimulus.
Term
Emotion management strategies-intrapersonal
Definition
Relaxation techniques, keeping a diary, cognitive restructuring, and adaptive self-statements.
Term
Emotion management strategies- interpersonal
Definition
X,Y,Z formula and jefferson strategy
Term
5 Types of Power
Definition
Referent, reward, legitimate, coercive
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