Term
|
Definition
| Sustainability is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need |
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Term
| Summarize the "Story of Stuff" |
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Definition
| Production runs in a lie near model ( Extraction -> Production ->distribution->consumption-> Disposal). But we cannot have a linear system on a finite planet. There are three limits: 1) Running out of resources; 2) toxic products from production; 3) externalized costs |
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Term
| What is "Planned Obsolescence" |
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Definition
| when a product is designed to break and be thrown out |
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Term
| What is "Perceived Obsolescence" |
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Definition
| When you are convinced to throw out a product that still works because of your perception of it (ex. Fashion) |
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Term
| What roles and responsibilities do governments have in terms of being unsustainable and acting sustainable respectively? |
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Definition
Roles: to regulate, enforce, care for people and environ., influence behaviour and make sure basic needs are met.
Responsibilities: Protect (consumers, business and workers), organize a sustainability system, develop values, participate and follow through with global efforts |
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Term
| What roles and responsibilities do businesses have in terms of being unsustainable and acting sustainable respectively? |
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Definition
Roles: they are the driving force, fulfilling needs and wants, create a consumption environment, influence laws
Responsibilities: Shift from profit to stakeholder focus, depends on levels of impact, make a profit |
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Term
| What roles and responsibilities do consumers have in terms of being unsustainable and acting sustainable respectively? |
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Definition
Roles: Consuming, disposing believing marketing, market driver, following trends
Responsibilities: increase awareness, change buying behaviour , make companies and govt. aware of our wants. |
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Term
| What is Biocapacity or Re-generative capacity |
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Definition
| The earths ability to renew its resources |
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Term
| What is Ecological overshoot ? |
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Definition
| The demand on the earth when it passes its bio-capacity |
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Term
| What is ecosystem collapse ? |
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Definition
| When resource is depletes to the point that it's not able to regenerate itself Ex. When unilever got caught in a fish popn. collapse due to over fishing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The worlds stocks of natural assets (geology, air, water, living things) |
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Term
| What is the equation for the "impact from consumption" |
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Definition
| I= P x A x T (where P=pop. A=consumption per capita T= technological factor) |
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Term
| When is ecological overshoot day ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the triple bottom line ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the threats to earth and what are their drivers ? |
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Definition
1) natural resource overexploitation, pop. and climate change
2) Laws and regs, public/private sector finance, consumption, business practices |
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|
Term
Can companies that invest heavily in sustainability
outperform their competitors in terms of
profitability? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the market segmentation for sustainable products? |
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Definition
| Lifestyle of health and sustainability, Naturalites, Drifters, Conventionals and unconcerneds |
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Term
|
Definition
| People who have strong attitudes regarding personal and planetary health and who are willing to pay up to 20% more for sus. products. |
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Term
| Which country has the largest % of LOHAS |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| People who are interested in protecting the environment; driven by internal want to be healthy. Often purchase green products |
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Term
|
Definition
| People who follow latest trends in sustainability if it is in style . |
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Term
|
Definition
| people who are driven by whether or not it is a good deal. They are not overly concerned with the environment. not willing to pay more |
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Term
|
Definition
| people who don't consider sus. at all when consuming a product |
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Term
| What are the six LOHAS market segments ? |
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Definition
| Personal health, Green building, eco tourism, Natural lifestyles, alternative transportation, alternative energy. All together $290 billion $ industry |
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Term
| What is sustainable investing ? |
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Definition
| and investment approach making reference to environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors in the selection of investments. |
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Term
|
Definition
| They created the 1st movement to bring environmentalists and corporations together. They influence companies to report and improve sustainability and convince regulators to require reporting. |
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Term
| What did companies learn thanks to CERES |
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Definition
| That they were able to save money by being sus. also that they could innovate new sus products |
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Term
| How much money was in ESG investment s in 2013 |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the seven Sustainable investments strategies? |
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Definition
| Negative/Exclusionary; Integration of ESG factors; Corporate engagement and shareholder actions; norms based screening; positive best in class screening; impact community investing;sustainability themed investing |
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Term
|
Definition
| excluding certain industries according to beliefs. Example: withholding bank loans to companies that manufacture weapons |
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Term
| Integration of ESG factors |
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Definition
| inclusion of ESG investment managers into traditional financial analysis |
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Term
| Corporate engagement and shareholder actions |
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Definition
| Uses shareholder power to influence corporate behaviour. Shareholders will try to convince BOD to invest in sus. to try to change their environmental strategies |
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Term
|
Definition
| companies won't invest if the company they are investing in isn't meeting the bar set by industry |
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Term
|
Definition
| Investing in companies that are top performers in ESG |
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Term
| impact/ community investing |
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Definition
| only investing in companies that make an impact |
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Term
|
Definition
| investing in themes or assets specifically related to sustainability |
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Term
| What was the impact of corporate sustainability on performance |
|
Definition
| High sustainable companies significantly out performed their counterparts |
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Term
| What are highly sustainable companies more likely to do? |
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Definition
| 1. Have a sustainability person in their BOD; 2. Make executive compensation for ESG measures; 3. Establish a formal stakeholder engagement process; 4. be long term orientated; 5. measure info related to key stakeholders and disclose more non-financial (ESG) data |
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Term
| What was highlighted in the BOB Willard reading "The new Sustainability Advantage" ? |
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Definition
He suggests to not just invest in sustainability for moral reasons but rather that it makes good business sense. Suggested that business is like a three legged stool comprised of environmental, economic and social legs And outlined the three P's Profits, people and planet
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Term
| What are the principles of human rights? |
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Definition
1. Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights
2. make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses |
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Term
| What are the pillars of the UN framework on business and human rights? |
|
Definition
protect - states have a legal obligation to protect rights
respect - business responsibility not to infringe on rights
remedy - grievance mechanisms by states and business to ensure HR abuse claims are redressed |
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Term
| What does complicity mean? |
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Definition
| the state of being involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing |
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Term
| When and what gave indigenous people rights? |
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Definition
ILO 169 in 1989 gave them the right to control own economic, social and cultural development
The UN declaration on Rights of Indigenous people was in 2007 and its said that states required to gain free and prior and informed consent |
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Term
| What are the perceptions of fair treatment or justice? |
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Definition
Distributional justice: is the allocation of risks and benefits fair?
Procedural justice: is the decision making process fair?
Interactional justice: is the interpersonal treatment of people affect by decisions fair |
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Term
| What is a business case for sustainability ? |
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Definition
| It's a way off assessing cost saving, revenue sources and risks that are associated with sustainability. Good for CEOs who only care about the cost of being Sus. |
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Term
| How did Frog Box relate its business to the business case for sus. |
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Definition
Increased revenue by creating a product that was more convenient and favourable product
Decreased expenses by reducing energy, materials cost, waste, and reducing turnover |
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Term
| What are the 5 Stages of the Sustainability Journey |
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Definition
| 1.Pre compliance; 2. Compliance; 3. Beyond Compliance; 4. Integrated Strategy; 5. Purpose and Passion |
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Term
| What are the Sub Sections to Beyond Compliance ? |
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Definition
| 3.0. eco-efficiencies in current product; 3.1. Improve value chain footprints; 3.2. Create new eco-effective products; 3.3. Embed Sustainability in governance |
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Term
| Where is BMW in the Sustainable journey ? |
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Definition
| 3.2. Create new ecoeffective products |
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Term
| What are some examples of Stage 5 companies ? |
|
Definition
Ben & Jerry’s Ice Cream
The Body Shop
Interface
Seventh Generation
Patagonia |
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Term
|
Definition
| A corporate that is benefit driven. They create benefit for all stakeholders, employees, community, and environment |
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Term
| What are the opportunities in the Business Case of Sus. |
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Definition
| Increased revenue, reduced energy, reduced waste, reduced materials, increased productivity, reduced turnover |
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Term
| What is an entrepreneur ? |
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Definition
| entrepreneurs: create value, are change agents in the economy, exploit opportunities, mobilize resources for their objectives |
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Term
| Why do we need social entrepreneurs |
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Definition
| Because there are a numerous amount of "wicked issues" that neither governments,businesses or not-for-profit organizations have been able to address on their own. |
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Term
|
Definition
| They adopt a mission to create social value, recognize ad relentlessly pursue new opportunities to feed mission, continually innovate and learn, act boldly without being limited by resources, Exhibit heightened accountability to the constituencies served and for the outcomes created |
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Term
| what are the 10 divides and opportunities |
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Definition
| 1. demographic 2. financial 3. nutritional 4.resources 5. environmental 6. health 7. Gender 8. Educational 9. Digital 10.security |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vida gas was a company that provided gas to communities. This solved health issues, economic issues, environmental issues. |
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Term
|
Definition
| world reader is a company that provides ebooks to schools in underprivileged nations. They broke education barriers. US, Europe and Africa-based nonprofit organization |
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Term
|
Definition
| A company that set up to restore the property values and sense of community in Fernwood, Victoria, BC. They were able to solve domestic problems social problems and economic issues. social enterprising non-profit organization |
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Term
| Summarize Goldcorp's Marlin Mine actions and perspectives |
|
Definition
started in 2004, the most profitable
compliant with all local laws and ILO 169
provided jobs and economic activity and gave back to community
two communities affected, one community voted against and became violent
costs outweighed benefits
no bond/insurance to hold Goldcorp accountable, costs of environmental impact belong to community or government |
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Term
| Governments actions in Goldcorp |
|
Definition
ratified ILO 169 in 1998
didn't have any public consultations regarding impact of mine
court ruled it was legal because local laws weren't up to date with ILO169
government refused to suspend after ILO and inter-american commission on human rights wanted an investigation, Goldcorp is one of the largest tax-payers and is opening the country natural resource sector to international investment |
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Term
| Summarize Goldcorp's Marlin Mine actions and perspectives |
|
Definition
started in 2004, the most profitable
compliant with all local laws and ILO 169
provided jobs and economic activity and gave back to community
two communities affected, one community voted against and became violent
costs outweighed benefits
no bond/insurance to hold Goldcorp accountable, costs of environmental impact belong to community or government |
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Term
| Governments actions in Goldcorp |
|
Definition
ratified ILO 169 in 1998
didn't have any public consultations regarding impact of mine
court ruled it was legal because local laws weren't up to date with ILO169
government refused to suspend after ILO and inter-american commission on human rights wanted an investigation, Goldcorp is one of the largest tax-payers and is opening the country natural resource sector to international investment |
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Term
| What are some challenges on holding businesses accountable? |
|
Definition
conventions and treaties entered by governments
lack of supervision
local legislation vs. international conventions
weak governance
jurisdiction
complexity of ownership structure
complexity of corporate vs. natural person liability |
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Term
| What is human rights due diligence? |
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Definition
| in order to identify, prevent, mitigate and account for how they address their adverse human rights impacts, business enterprises should carry out human rights due diligence |
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Term
| what does the process of due diligence include? |
|
Definition
- assessing actual and potential human rights impacts
- integrating and acting upon the findings
- tracking responses
- communicating how impacts are addressed |
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Term
| What are the key pillars of human rights |
|
Definition
universal - all human beings possess them; no distinction based on gender, nationality, sexual orientation etc
indivisible - economic, civil, social, political and cultural rights are interdependent and form one integral whole which cannot be divided
inalienable - human rights cannot be given away, sold or renounced |
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Term
| what three documents make up the interaction bill of human rights |
|
Definition
1. universal declaration of human rights (1948)
2. interactional convenant on civil and political rights (1966) - right to life, freedom of religion, speech and assembly
3. international convenant on economic, social and cultural rights (1966) - labor rights, rights to health, education, adequate standard of living |
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Term
| What is ‘The Right to Development’? |
|
Definition
an inalienable human rights by virtue of which every human person and all people are entitled to enjoy economic, social, cultural and political development in which all human right and fundamental freedoms can be fully realized
right to peoples to self-determination, gives people the exercise of full control over all their natural wealth and resources. |
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Term
| what is the capabilites approach to development? |
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Definition
| development is seen as a process of expanding people's human capabilities not how much an individuals is worth but what people are able to do and be |
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Term
| What does the San Francisco School “business” consist of? |
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Definition
| hotel, small store, livestock, agriculture, community, academics, small store, dairy, tech assistant |
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Term
| What are key elements of success for the school? |
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Definition
Tangible: infrastucure, teachers, leadership, location near city, micro finance company (profit)
Intangible: motivation of students, diverse revenue steams, accountability |
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Term
| By what measures would you say the school has been successful? |
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Definition
| self sustaining, success of students |
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Term
| Can the San Francisco model be replicated, or is it unique? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Can Martin and FP make a success of the opportunity at Mbaracayu? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How a company create rational on creating, gathering, delivering value and creating value for itself |
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Term
| What does a Business model provide rationale for ? |
|
Definition
| How a company mobilizes the resources necessary for its work--how a com. transforms these resources into various types of value--how it delivers value to its customers |
|
|
Term
What are the main business models described
in “The Power of Unreasonable People? |
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Definition
| Leveraged NP, Hybrid NP, and Social Business |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A company that gets revenues from grants and donations (no commercial activity), Typically provide a public good and MUST demonstrate its impact in order to attract donations |
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Term
| What is a social business ? |
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Definition
| a business that generates revenue entirely from commercial activity, may be owned by a NP, competes with a traditional business, often attract impact investors and usually plows profits back into social project rather than paying dividends |
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Term
|
Definition
| Revenue generated from a mix of grants and commercial activity, often fills gap in grant/donor funding and become more self sustaining, may transform into a social business.CANT distribute profit to shareholders, can only use it to complete the mission or donate it to another NP |
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Term
| What Business model did WorldReader, Village Reach, Ferwood NRG, and Vida gass fall under ? |
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Definition
| WorldReader=LNP , Village Reach=HNP, Ferwood NRG=HNP, and Vida gass= SB |
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Term
| What is a Community Capital Corp (3Cs) |
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Definition
| A corporation that may issue shares and dividends (40% of profit), Majority of profits must be directed to purpose, Must have 3 BOD members, my publish an annually community contribution report |
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Term
| True or False: Non Profits may or may not have charitable status |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Whats the main difference between a social entrepreneur and a entrepreneur ? |
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Definition
| Social entrepreneurs prioritize the mission over profits |
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Term
| Who created Micro Finance ? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are NP without charitable status allowed to do ? |
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Definition
| Operate a business withing the non-profit structure, set up a separate NP or co-op to run the business, set up a separate for profit business. |
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Term
| What does the BC Society Act state ? |
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Definition
| A society must not be created for the purpose of carrying on a business trade industry or profession for profit or as an incident to the purposes of a society |
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|
Term
True or false: Charities may carry on business
activities that directly accomplish or advance
the organization’s charitable mission |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Who distinguishes between a related and unrelated businesses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a related business ? |
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Definition
| the nature of the business is linked and subordinate to the charity's purpose or business run by volunteer |
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Term
| What two types of business can operate in non-taxable charity structure |
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Definition
| a related business and a business that is a charitable program |
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Term
| VAA criteria for products |
|
Definition
high quality products with commercial viability and social benefits
- market ready products, commercial viability, social responsibility/benefit, corp. capacity for international trade, ability to scale up |
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Term
| key challenges faced by VAA |
|
Definition
- sourcing high-quality retail-ready products
- building business' confidence in african made products
- building consumer awareness and demand for african made products
- bridging cultural and knowledge gaps between european buyers and african sellers |
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Term
| where in the value chain does VAA provide assistance? |
|
Definition
in between processors and importers
(benefits return to african communities) |
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Term
| why is it better to sell a finished product rather than raw commodities? |
|
Definition
african producers will earn 3 to 5 times more
selling finished products breaks historical inequalities in terms of internaiton trade |
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Term
| True or False: Non profits without charitable status may issue tax receipts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are three limitations of Fair trade ? |
|
Definition
-Farmers engaged in Fair trade programs only sell a fraction of their product at fair trade prices
-proportion of FT product is less than one percent in fair trade markets !
-Historical inequalities in terms of International trade (raw material vs. value added production) are solidified in FT practise |
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Term
| What are the 3 criteria for the value driver model? |
|
Definition
growth
-new markets, customers, market share, products, LT strategy= revenue growth, competitive advantage
productivity
-operational efficiency, human capital management, reputation pricing power= total cost savings
risk management
-operational& regulatory risk, reputation, supply chain risks, leadership adaptability= measurable reduction in exposure to sustainability related risks to revenue & reputation |
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Term
| What is the benefit of implementing the value driver model? |
|
Definition
| return on equity and capital |
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|
Term
| What are the economic effects of SRI in Canada from 2013-2015? |
|
Definition
| 60% increase of SRI assets under management and an increase $589 --> 945 B in 2 years |
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|
Term
| What is the fastest growing sector of sustainable investment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are material ESG factors? |
|
Definition
firm size
market-to-book ratio
profitability
leverage
sector fixed effects |
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|
Term
|
Definition
lending out very small loans at a lower rate of interest
can be used to help people get out of poverty
Muhammad Yunus started this in India and won the nobel peace prize for it |
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|
Term
| What social enterprise cannot participate in commerical activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why were community capital corps created? |
|
Definition
| BC saw more social enterprise occurring & created the business model |
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|
Term
| what is the Traditional International Law |
|
Definition
the way a state treated its own citizens was purely a matter of domestic jurisdiction and therefore domestic law.
No other entity could interfere in how a state treated its own citizens (think of Nazi Germany and the Jews) |
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Term
| What were some changes that occurred from traditional law as a result of the League of Nations? |
|
Definition
States became responsible under international law for the way they treated minorities living within their borders
interwar period also saw the creation of the International Labour Organization, autonomous of the LON |
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Term
| What does the UN general assembly declaration say? |
|
Definition
-to promote development, equal attention and urgent consideration should be given to civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights.
-the promotion of certain human rights cannot justify the denial of other human rights.
-The human person is the central subject of the development process |
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