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COM 312
Review Exam 3
15
Communication
Undergraduate 3
03/15/2012

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Kinesics
Definition
Study of the communicated aspect of body language or movements and gestures. (eg: arms, legs, trunk or (body), eyes, facial expressions, posture.) How we speak non-verbally.  
Term
Gestures
Definition

2 different kind:

  1. Speech Dependent (gestures we use while speaking)

2.   Speech Independent (when we are not speaking) such as emblems, signals, autonomous gestures. Remember the video "The Color Purple (keep your chin up) , The Terminator (thumbs up), Catch 22 (middle finger)" don't need spoken words to understand them.

Term
Gesture System
Definition

A system of speech independent gestures used in specific situations and professions. (eg: scuba diving, ground guys in the airport, referee, baseball, military, lumber mills) You must learn it in order to do your job. Remember the movie (Saving Private Ryan)

 

Exam 3 question: Where specific gestures are used? Give examples.

Term
Non-Gesture
Definition
Movement that have NO communicative intent. (eg: just walking around being a human being)
Term
Adaptors/ Self-Adaptors
Definition
Unintentional behaviors and self-touching in response to boredom, stress, or negative feelings about ourselves or others. (eg: babies sucking thumb, biting the nails, touching ear, hair twirling)
Term
Speech-Related Gestures
Definition

Also known as "illustrators"

Used with conversation to :

  1. help others visualize what you are saying
  2. Express your own feelings
  3. Emphasize, accentuate
  4. Regulate interaction
Term
Illustrators = Expressing feeling
Definition
  • Palms up = uncertainty, begging
  • Palms down = certainty, finality
  • Palms out = calm down
  • Palms in = referring to "me"
Term
Illustrators & Comprehension
Definition

-We use speech-related gestures to increase comprehension

- Make ideas vivid (clearer)

- Intensify points (emphasize)

- Maintain listener attention (look at me!)

- Organize the verbal message (1,2,3,..)

- Aids in recall (dual coding)

Term
Dual Coding
Definition

When we receive a message through two channels

- Audio + Visual

- Show and Tell

- Lecture + Overhead

- Words + Music

- Words + Gestures (Meryl Streep kneels for favor, stand-up means i will)

- Used to increase comprehension

- If our words and gestures are out of sync, we create confusion for others

- So, the lesson is: when speaking, make sure the illustrators match the words, otherwise people will be confused.

Term

What influences the frequency of gesturing?

(give at least 3 on exam 3)

Definition
  1. Face to face interaction
  2. Enthusiastic speaker involved with topic
  3. Speaker is concerned that receiver comprehends the message
  4. Trying to dominate the conversation
  5. Content of speech
  6. If audio channels are blocked (when we can't talk or hear)
Term
Interaction Synchrony
Definition

When our body movements match and mesh with the other person.

- Matching is doing the same thing

- Mirroring is doing the same thing as a mirror image

- When we match and mesh with someone's body postures and attain interaction synchrony, we feel rapport with that person (we say that  "we clicked" with them.)

Term
Motor Mimicry
Definition

A nonverbal empathetic response.

- Returning a smile; smiling when someone else is smiling

- Frowning when someone is frowning

- Yawning when someone is yawning

- Wincing when someone gets hurt

Term
Emotional Contagion
Definition

When we "catch" others emotions, it occurs when an emotional experience is triggered as a result of mimicking someone sad when seeing someone cry, feeling joy when seeing others happy, getting your teammates pumped up to go, fight, or win! (eg: Tibow in the dressing room)

2 conditions needed:

1- strongly felt emotions

2- communicators who are skilled (a) encoders (the sender) (b) decoders (receiver) 

Term

Study Questions for "The Language of the Body"

1- How does Morris study human behavior? Where does he go to do the research? 2- In how many countries? 3- How is the handshake considered? What is the essential feature of the handshake? 4- How is respect shown when handshaking? 5- Why is it important to understand the culture you are visiting when going abroad? 6- what are the different meanings of the "ok" gesture in France and Sardinia? 7- What does the middle finger symbolize when insulting people? 8- What is the origin of the thumbs up gesture? Why are "Gladiator" movies wrong? 9- Some examples of gesture systems show us?10- Other term for gesture that accompany illustrators? 11- Why do we gesture even if no one sees us? 

Definition
1- He goes to the field of the natural environment (street, park, cities..) to study human behavior in real life situation. 2- 60+ 3- A tie sign, Galiterian act (means "equal") 4- Body lowering, head lowering 5- If you use the wrong hand or sign, you can get in trouble. Example: the finger turning around on the head side means smart in Japan but crazy in other countries. 6- In France, it mean worthless or zero, in Sardinia it means obsenity (orifice) 7- A symbolic penis, an ancient Rome geature known in many countries. 8- The Colosseum Rome in Italy. Thumb down means to kill, covered thumb (not up) not to be killed. 9- American Football, the dog track, the Bombay stock exchange, the mourning women in Australia. 10- Gesticulations 11- Deeply engraved (we do it all the time)
Term

Study Questions for "A World of Gestures"

 

1- What are some typical gestures? 2- How many "fight or flight" gestures does the US society have? 3- What are the three types of obscene gestures covered in the video? 4- What are some countries that don't have any obscene gestures? 5- What are other categories of gestures covered in the video?

Definition
1- Crazy, smart, stupid, i don't believe you. 2- None on its own 3- homosexuality, infidelity, angry 4- Netherland, Switzerland, Norway  5- Suicide, love, beauty, gangs gestures
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