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Definition
PASSIVE recipient! -People are effected by the media they use (use the media out of habit) -Typically emotional (audience as a mass is passive) |
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ACTIVE user! -People choose the media they use for their own purposes (use media for a reason) -Typically informational |
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source=society level=macro -pre existing audience group based on a common interest seeks out media to satisfy interest -demand comes from society level subgroups such as... political (Rush Limbaugh) religious (700 Club) regional (Fox Sports Detroit) professional or social networks (Big Ten Network) |
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Source driving content creation... Societal Demand Media Innovation Macro social group or public medium or channel (public) audience Micro gratification set audience for particular (individual) medium |
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| Medium or Channel Audience |
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Definition
source=media level=macro - medium identification becomes part of identity and forms a group.
- groups that emerge around a new technology.
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| examples of Media or Channel Audience |
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Definition
- E-Bay Groups
- On-Line Gamers
- Science Fiction Junkies
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| Audience for Particular Media |
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Definition
source-media level=micro - fans and fandom
- often mimic star pattern in dress, speech, consumption
- individuals rather than groups.
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| examples of Audience for Particular Medium |
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Definition
- Programs (Grey's Anatomy, Star Trek, Madden)
- Celebrities (Britney Spears, Slayer, Tom Cruise)
- Chris Krocker
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source=society level=micro - individuals choose media to solve pre-existing needs.
- media content caters to individual's felt need.
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| examples of Gratification Set |
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Definition
- Information (news)
- Social Connection (facebook)
- Emotional Regulation (loud music)
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| Television Uses and Gratifications |
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Definition
- Learning
- Habit
- Companionship
- Arousal
- Relaxation
- Escape
- Passing Time
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| Video Games Uses and Gratifications |
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Definition
- Challenge
- Competition
- Arousal
- Diversion
- Fantasy
- Social Interaction
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| How are Television and Video Games uses and gratifications Similar? |
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Definition
- Social Interaction
- Passing Time
- Arousal
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| How are Television and Video Games uses and gratifictaions Different? |
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Definition
- Television is used for learning
- Video Games are used for competion, challenge, and fantasy.
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Term
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Definition
-selection or use of the media is - goal directed
- purposive
- motivated
(assumption) |
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Term
media use for gratification |
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Definition
-conscious or unconscious -cognitive, emotional, or social (assumption) |
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Term
social and psychological factors |
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Definition
-social interactions -personal experience -other media use (assumption) |
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Term
competition and mediation |
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Definition
-other things may satisfy our needs better (assumption) |
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1. Active Audience 2. Media use for Gratification 3. social and psychological factors 4. competition and mediation |
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Definition
The Four Assumptions of Uses and Gratifications |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic idea of Social Learning is... |
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Attention-Choosing the model Retention-Remembering the action Production-Doing the action Motivation-Reinforcement |
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Definition
| The steps in Social Cognitive Theory |
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Term
It is a neo-associative network model of the mind. |
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Definition
| The basic idea behind priming is that... |
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Term
- Memory consists of memory codes and the most common codes are made up of nodes and links.
- Memory is associative.
- Nodes are linked together which is why we recall things.
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Definition
| How is memory conceived in priming and what is it made of? |
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Definition
| Theory that suggests that some of the most important models in today's world are found in media sources. |
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Definition
| Studies media vilolence in children. |
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Definition
a complex network of pathways that connect associative ideas, thoughts, feelings and concepts. |
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Definition
| How are links built and maintained? |
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Theory developed...From Aristotle's idea that inaccessible human emotions can be experienced via drama |
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Theory that says...Viewing violence reduces aggressive feelings by symbollically discharging violent tendencies. |
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Theory that says...Repeated exposure to violence in media can numb viewers to the consequences of violence. |
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Definition
| Theory that says...Viewers are more likely to engage in aggressive behavior and allow aggressive behavior to go on without helping. |
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Definition
| a non-specific drive state |
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Definition
| Theory that says...The viewer acts as if they would normally, except more intensely |
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Term
How agression is measured. |
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Definition
Behavioral -noise blasts, time to seek help, rating RA Attitudinal -paper and pen-do you think violence is a good idea, story completions State Measures -paper and pen-MAACL, hostility measures, semantic differential scales |
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Definition
Players involved in the media violence debate. |
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Definition
Believe that portrayals of violence in media are harmful to society. |
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| organizations of media watchdogs |
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Definition
religious groups professional groups(AMA,APA) parent groups(PTA) some media researchers |
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Definition
David Grossman Media Wise |
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Term
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Definition
| Want media violence regulated an/or eliminated. |
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Term
The Government's Response The Industry's Fear The Courts |
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Definition
| Issues involved in the media violence debate |
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Term
| The Government's Response to the media violence debate |
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Definition
| Television and film producers have been sued for violent content. |
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Term
| The Government's Response to the media violence debate |
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Definition
| several states have sought to eneact laws making the sale of violent video games to minors illegal. |
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Term
| Missouri, Indiana, Washington, Michigan, California, Illinois, Florida |
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Definition
| States that have sought to enact laws making the sale of violent video games to minors illegal |
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Term
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Definition
| If media are deemed illegal for use by minors than Walmart and other huge retailors will not carry the media. Walmart will pressure the companies to change the media. |
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Term
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Definition
| There will be a chilling effect on content. |
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Term
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Definition
| Media producers will not want to risk producing certain media because of Walmart. |
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Definition
| Questions such as are the media prootected speech, are the media harmful to society, are the media worse than the other forms of protected media are raised when discussing which issue related to the media violence debate? |
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Term
solutions to the media violence problem |
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Definition
Voluntary ratings systems -MPAA, ESRB, 'explicit lyrics' labels, TV Ratings V chips Cable Locks Safe Harbors |
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Definition
| sexually explicit materials |
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Definition
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| What percent of music videos conatin sex and on average, how many sexual acts are performed in each? |
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Definition
| What percent of television have sexual content and what percent have sexual behaviors? |
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Definition
| What is the ratio of unmarried people having sex to married people? |
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Term
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Definition
On average how many sexual acts are performed in an R rated movie? |
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Term
| Major themes in Porno Magazines |
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Definition
| Themes that appeal to men are usually... |
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Term
Major themes in porno movies |
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Definition
reciprocity (37%) domination/control (28%) exploitation/coersion (26%) autoeroticism (9%) |
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Term
| Effects of exposure to highly explicit sexual content |
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Definition
arousal transfer desensitization to sexual images cultivation/attitude change deviant sexual behaviors more normal sexual desire stronger partned becomes less attractive belief that rape victims are more deserving |
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| effects of sexually violent media |
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Definition
the perceptions that slasher films are not degrading to women, enjoyable, less offensive, less violent, and that violence against women is not bad are... |
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Term
more likely to become aroused Cline's Four Factor System |
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Definition
| effect of porn on sexual offenders |
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Term
Addiction Escalation Desensitization Illegal Behavior |
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Definition
| Cline's Four Factor System |
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Term
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Definition
personalized news (what's going on in society) |
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Definition
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Definition
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novel or deviant news (new or different) |
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| linked to ongoing news concerns |
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Term
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Definition
| inoffensive, credible, packageable, local news |
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Definition
a subset of hard news (generally part of hard news) |
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Term
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Definition
| natural or man-made threat that poses an immediate and serious threat |
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Definition
keeps people aware of an event and galvanizes social attitudes |
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Definition
| focuses on human interest and personalities |
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Definition
| fastest growing facet of news |
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Term
1. when news is an important or high impact event-rapidly 2. the timing of the release of the news-where people are determines how they find out 3. audience demographics |
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Definition
| 3 factors effecting speed of news diffusion |
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Term
micro knowledge gap hypothesis |
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Definition
Better educated people usually hold jobs of higher status than less-educated people,and they tend to be better informed anout current events knowledge related through the news media, whether print pr broadcast. |
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Term
| the information rich keep getting richer, and the information poor never catch up |
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Definition
| Micro knowledge gap posits that... |
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Term
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Definition
News media is a condult between major societal structures (role of media is to facilitate communication between Government Industry and Eductaion) |
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Definition
| Theory that claims..."Media may not be successful in telling people what to think, but it is stunningly successful in telling readers what to think about." |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory with the hypothesis: People's agenda of news importance will match media agenda of news importance. |
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Definition
| the editorial process by which news and information is selected (or not) for publication |
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Term
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Definition
Consists of PR Funtion and News Values |
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Definition
high percentage of 'news' compete to focus attention on particular issues |
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Definition
timliness (event happened recently) proximity prominence consequence human interest |
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Term
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Definition
| ongoing topics of national or local interest covered in the news |
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Term
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Definition
| discrete happenings in time |
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Term
institution process analysis message analysis cultivation analysis |
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Definition
| 3 parts of the cultural indicators project |
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Term
| ritualistic gratification |
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Definition
habitual and time consuming -focus on medium -diffuse motives (pass time, relaxation, habit) -less intentional and non-selective -heavier viewing patterns |
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Term
| instrumental gratifications |
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Definition
active use of media for entertainment or information -focus on specific content -information motivations -higher perceived realism and attention |
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Term
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Definition
over time heavy viewing may diminish differences among viewers (political/religion, urban/rural, white collar.blue collar, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| effect of cultivation is magnified when real world experiences match television messages |
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Definition
TV has replaced religion as a social story teller TV portrays a restricted and inaccurate view of the world |
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Definition
Heavy TV viewers learn the lessons of TV Heavy viewers begin to see the real world as being like the TV world |
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Term
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Definition
| relative percent of black people in the media |
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Term
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Definition
| relative percent of latinos in media |
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Term
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Definition
| relative percent of asians in the media |
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Term
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Definition
| relative percent of native americans in the media |
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Term
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Definition
What stage in minority portrayal? exclusion of any minority portrayals from particular group |
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Term
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Definition
What stage in minority portrayal? minority characters appear as police officers or detectives-regulators of the existing state of society |
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Definition
What stage in minority portrayal? minority character portrayed as a buffoon or stereotypically |
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Definition
What stage in minority portrayal? minority characters may appear as good guys or bad guys-the entire range of roles is open to them |
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| 5 portrayal elements that create a high risk for learning aggressive behaviors |
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Definition
1.perpetrator is an attractive role model 2.violence seems justified 3.violence goes unpunished 4.consequences to the victims are minimal 5.violence seems realistic to the viewer |
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