Term
| Miller's "critical" features of communication |
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Definition
1. Occurs between 2+ people
2. Process (no beginning/ no end): prejudgement are technically the beginning
3. Transactional: Communication is co-created
4. Symbolic: different interpretation to different people
5. Involves being that have "agency" people |
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Term
| Elements of the communication model |
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Definition
1. Sender/receiver
2. Stimulus
3. Coding
4. Frames of reference
5. Channel
6. Feedback
7. Noise
8. Environment |
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Term
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Definition
| originator or source of a message |
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Term
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Definition
| person to whom the sender directs the message |
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Term
| Stimulus-External/internal |
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Definition
External: the environment dictates conversation ie Water cooler in break room, people standing around keg at party
Internal Stimulus: Motivation triggers messages- getting something out of it |
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Term
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Definition
| involves encoding & decoding |
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Term
| Frames of reference FILTER |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
verbal & nonverbal responses to the message
ie Nonverbal: looking at watch as a meeting gets too long |
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Term
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Definition
External: people moving around in lecture
Internal: hungover, need sleep, hungry |
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Term
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Definition
Immediate context
Timing: day/night
Temperature: hot/cold |
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Term
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Definition
1. Choose a communication goal
2. Create your message
3. Coordinate a communication event
4. Deliver message |
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Term
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Definition
1. Can have "perfect" communication
2. Cant "take back" what you say
3. Communication can solveall problems
4. More communication is always better'
5. Meanings in the words: way words are interpreted
6. A single person or even causes another reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| how we process and interpret cues from a person's outward appearance, voice, and language usage |
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Term
| Schemata (mental patterns) |
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Definition
| mental pattern recognition plans that "help us identify and organize incoming information" |
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Term
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Definition
| How members of institutions and organizations expect and accept the unequal distribution of power |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on physical & behavioral resemblance (stereo types) |
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Term
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Definition
| mindless, everyday exchanges ie "how are you?" "good, how are you?" "great" |
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Term
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Definition
1. Rules
2. Policies
3. Culture |
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Term
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Definition
| unstated and stated norms |
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Term
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Definition
| Company guidelines/ procedure |
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Term
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Definition
| Way of communication that are specific to that organization or a branch with in the organization |
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Term
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Definition
Organizational Persona
Organizational Credibility
Organizational Savvy |
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Term
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Definition
| How others see you within the organization |
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Term
| Organizational Credibility |
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Definition
| We do what we say we will do |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to navigate within the organization and outside |
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Term
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Definition
| The learned, shared symbols, language, values and norms that distinguish one group of people from another |
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Term
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Definition
| a socially structured phenomenon that is passed from generation to generation |
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Term
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Definition
| Groups of people who share values, customs and norms related to a mutual interest of characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| We acquire others beliefs, attitudes, and values by coming into contact with other cultures |
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Term
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Definition
1. Material Culture; things and ideas
2. Social institutions: schools, governments, religious organizations
3.Belief systems: ideas about individuals & the universe
4. Aesthetics: music, theater, art, dance
5. Language: verbal & non-verbal communication |
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Term
| The barriers of effective intercultural communication |
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Definition
1. Culture Shock (reverse)
2. Emphasizing difference over similarities
3. Assuming similarities
4. Over generalizing
5. Viewing culture Norms as static
6. Viewing culture through an ethnocentric lens |
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Term
| Concerns about culture living in the US |
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Definition
1. Immigration to the US
2. US cities minority majorities
3. US residents non English 1st language
4. # of individuals under 35 years old, part of a minority group
5. Shifting majority/ minority populations within the US |
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Term
| Ways to improve your interpersonal competence |
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Definition
1. Knowledge:
-Seek information
-Ask questions & listen
-Develop a third culture
2. Motivation
-Tolerable ambiguity
-Avoid negative judgement (ethnocentrism)
3. Skill
-Become other-orientated
-Empathize
-Platinum Rule: 'treat others how they want to be treated"
-Adapt to others |
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Term
| Individualism (hofstede's variables) |
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Definition
Put individuals goals first, answer to ourselves; value difference/uniqueness, competitive & often hierarchical.
Value privacy and autonomy (regulate personal space).
Value freedom of expression (tend to express both positive & negative emotions more spontaneously, especially when with friends and loved ones)
Curve emotions - to reach their goals
-US, AUSTRALIA, GREAT BRITIAN, CANADA |
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Term
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Definition
Preserve group over self (cohesion over autonomy & group society put first)
Expression of negative emotion that could upset the balance of harmony with one's family or broader social groups are inhibited by some cultures
GUATEMALA, ECUADOR, PANAMA, VENEZUELA, MOST EASTERN COUNTRIES & SOME COUNTRIES IN SOUTH AMERICA |
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Term
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Definition
"verbal communication is expected to be explicit & is often interpreted literally"
SWITZERLAND, GERMANY, SCANDINAVIAN, US |
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Term
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Definition
"verbal communication is often ambiguous & meaning is drawn from contextual cues (voice, facial cues)"
CHINA, JAPAN, SOUTH KOREA, TAIWAN (ASIA) |
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Term
| DECENTRALIZED POWER (power-distance) |
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Definition
-Low power distance
-"power is not highly concentrated'
-Bigger middle class, smaller upper and lower classes
AUSTRALIA, ISRAEL, DENMARK, NEW ZEALAND |
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Term
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Definition
HIGH POWER DISTANCE
"Power is highly concentrated"
PHILIPPINES, MEXICO, VENEZUELA, INDIA, (LARGE countries, large populations) |
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Term
| Gender Orientation-Feminine |
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Definition
Men and women are more equal
-sensitivity toward others
-values: quality of life
-communication(rapport)- discussion
-Androgynous
SCANDANAVIAN CULTURES |
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Term
| Gender Orientation- masculine |
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Definition
Men and women roles are highly distinguished
-more traditional roles
-values: achievement, assertiveness, heroism, material wealth
-Communication-REPORT
JAPAN, AUSTRALIA, VENEZUELA, ITALY |
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Term
| High Avoidance - tolerance for uncertainty |
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Definition
Find unfamiliar situations problematic
GREECE, PORTUGAL, BELGIUM, JAPAN |
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Term
| High Tolerance- Tolerance for Uncertainty |
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Definition
Accepting of unfamiliar situations
SINGAPORE, DENMARK, SWEDEN, HONG KONG |
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Term
| Time orientation- monochronic cultures |
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Definition
"treats time as a finite commodity"
saved, earned, spent wasted
US, GERMANY, SWITZERLAND |
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Term
| Polychromic Cultures-Time orientation |
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Definition
"treats time as an infinite resource"
Time is fluid
LATIN AMERICA, ARAB PARTS OF MIDDLE EAST, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA |
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Term
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Definition
| representing specific evaluations we make of others based on our assessment of their personal communication habits and behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| a review or critique of an employee's work and job performance |
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Term
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Definition
| "meeting with people to exchange information" |
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Term
| Two Major networking steps |
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Definition
1. Create a contact list (generally aim for 200 #s)
2. Keep track of your progress |
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