Term
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Definition
act of translating inner thoughts and feelings into observable behavior
can be individual, group, institutions
not automatic- thoughts and feelings not perfectly or completely expressed |
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Definition
act of assigning meaning to the message- differs among people
meanings are in people, not messages
messages influence meanings but dont fully determine them |
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Definition
info you seek- in position to receive
shows you dont watch
music you dont listen to |
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Definition
once you're exposed, what do you focus on
we consume a lot more than we can pay attention to
attention priorities
-danger
-comforting, in line with desires
-vividness, novelty, strangeness |
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Definition
making sense of what you've focused on
organize stimuli into pattern
interpret
relate to past experiences/expectations |
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Definition
we forget most of what we say and do
reinforce our previous perceptions
memory is not fixed-changes over time
eyewitnesses are wrong 1/3 of time |
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Definition
memory that is constructed with the help of others
more likely to forget things if its online |
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Definition
| asking others to remember something for me |
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Definition
| thinking about who in a group would be more likely to have remembered something |
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Definition
| a joint memory is "re-assembled" through conversation |
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Term
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Definition
disagreement about a memory
tensions in both the past and the present |
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Term
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Definition
automatic evaluation; drawn on by stereotypes; default brain settings
pre existing beliefs
dont usually question
good for responding quickly/survival value |
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Definition
slower, more deliberate processing
thinking
can override errors of system 1
slow, takes effort, not automatic |
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Term
| semantic differential scales |
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Definition
evaluative: good-bad
potency: strong-weak
activity: active-passive |
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Term
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Definition
early info shapes response to later info
first impressions have more influence
affects both behavior and emotional response |
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Term
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Definition
| messages shape meaning and frame our responses by making some conclusions more likely |
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Term
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Definition
tendency to over-simplify our view of others
if we already thing positive we put less weight on the negative info |
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Definition
if we think negative we put less weight on positive info
drop out info that is inconsistent with our views |
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Term
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Definition
| most used definitions, dictionary definitions |
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Term
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Definition
| my personalized meaning for a word; reflects identity and experience |
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Term
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Definition
| the actual thing being referred to |
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Definition
| pairing process; semiotics (words and meanings); how people pair meaning and symbols |
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Definition
| if you do not have a word for something you cannot perceive it |
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Term
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Definition
| idea that language determines the way you think |
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Term
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Definition
| using a time and a place to improve personal language and communication |
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Term
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Definition
explaining how your experience with something might differ from someone else's experience
way to improve personal language and communication |
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Term
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Definition
more likes if region is isolated
part of a dialect |
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Term
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Definition
| form of a language that differs in several ways from the original language |
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Term
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Definition
specialized to facilitate discussion of technical issues in professional, hobby, sport
make communication more precise/informative
enhances group cohesion |
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Term
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Definition
informal language used by people in a group
usually less precise/technical than slang |
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Term
| specialized relationship talk |
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Definition
specialized for one relationship
easier communication
reinforces relationship by making boundries/special |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of rituals, religious beliefs, ways of thinking and believing that unify a group of people |
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Term
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Definition
| group that exists within a larger dominant culture, but differs from it in one or more significant way |
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Term
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Definition
| word whose pronunciation identifies it's speaker as being a member of a particular group or not |
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Term
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Definition
| people see themselves as independent, favor personal goals and values over group goals, think that it is right to follow personal beliefs and to leave groups if they have differences, values directness, clarity |
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Term
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Definition
| people see their identities in terms of the group, prioritize relationships over individual goals, emphasize loyalty to group over personal desires, follow group norms, may value indirectness if it preserves face |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasize power differences, hierarchy, acceptance of inequalities between individual and groups, loyalty to ones own group |
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Term
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Definition
| seek to minimize power differences, reduce hierarchy, inequalities not seen as fixed, emphasize equality among people |
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Term
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Definition
always there; we don't focus on it because we don't notice it
you dont focus on breathing, you just do it |
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Term
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Definition
emotion; on the face
thousands of them are variations of six main ones (happy, sad, fear, guilt, anger, surprise) |
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Term
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Definition
gestures that have more or less standardized meaning and can replace words
middle finger |
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Term
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Definition
gestures that go with or reinforce verbal messages
cannot stand alone
meaning only in relation with what is being spoken |
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Term
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Definition
touching ones own body
related to anxiety
attention to some inner state |
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Term
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Definition
control or set the pace or direction of interaction
their turn to talk
dont want to be interrupted
want to leave |
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Term
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Definition
use of space and distance to send messages
mark and defend space
judge status based on space
sensitive to individual, cultural, and gender differences |
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Term
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Definition
organization and use of time
expectations of how time should be organized
how quickly something should happen
how long events should last
how events should be sequenced |
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Term
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Definition
using touch
fist communication coe we learn
touch from caregivers is essential for infants to live
rituals, expressing support and affection
large cultural and gender differences
-women touch/are touched more than men
-cultural spanish>french>U.S.>Japan |
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Term
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Definition
pitch
rate
inflection
volume
slow/fast
loud/soft |
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Term
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Definition
judgements about individual and groups based on objects and artifacts associated with them
makeup
tattoos |
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Term
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Definition
evaluative component of self-concept
if an impression or judgement is within range we will accept it otherwise we will reject it
change over time
some are more important to you |
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Term
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Definition
how we see ourselves shapes how we perceive nearly every other aspect of communication
gender
sexual orientation
ethnicity
height/weight
family relationships
work/romantic/friend relationships
religious/political affiliations |
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Term
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Definition
| ignore small difference between message and our self concept |
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Term
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Definition
| amplify differences with larger differences; mental strategies to reject |
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Term
| main study of communication |
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Definition
| how we influence each other |
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Term
| most important communication skill |
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Definition
| anticipate how others will decode or interpret what you say and do |
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