Term
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Definition
| Try to figure out the causes and motives of behaviors |
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Term
| Three assumptions about how people operate |
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Definition
People naturally attempt to determine the causes of their own and other people’s behavior
Assign causes systematically
The causes that we perceive will affect our own feelings and behaviors |
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Term
| Intrapersonal communication |
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Definition
-How the individual understands communication the Creation of messages and the achievement of goals
-Focused on the perceptions, thoughts, and behaviors of individuals
-Meanings are based in people’s interpretation |
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Term
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Definition
expressives, conventionals, and rhetoricals
we think about things differently
some are more sophisticated than others.
can go down, but not up |
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Term
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Definition
Messages do not bring meanings directly, but they are occasions for people to create or construct reality through the interpretation of messages
we are ACTIVE agents, and CHOOSE rather than REACT |
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Term
| Constructs/ construct differation |
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Definition
| recognition of differences, we have the ability to label and categorize things |
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Term
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Definition
| The more sophistication our category system has, the more we see shades of grey |
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Term
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Definition
Communication is for expressing/venting one’s true feelings either with brutal honesty or an edited version of the truth
More profanity
Incoherence |
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Term
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Definition
Views communication as a cooperative process in which communication competence and adherence to social rules is expected of both players of the communication game
Politeness is the norm
Most common |
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Term
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Definition
Use communication to shape the self and the situation in ways that the other two types of message producers cannot
Most sophisticated
Flexibility and willingness to negotiate to attain goals are key to this type
Tending to the relationship is important |
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Term
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Definition
We think that a person’s behavior or what they say is based in their personality, who they are, and their biology
internal cause.
We see someone else’s bad behavior as their fault but our own bad behavior is not our fault
(i.e. I swerved because I was avoiding a cat; you swerved because you’re drunk/a bad driver/an idiot) |
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Term
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Definition
External
Something was caused by an outside influence, beyond a person’s control
Use this for ourselves
(i.e. I got an A on a test because I’m smart; you got an A on the test because it was easy.) |
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Term
| Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) |
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Definition
Explain and predict how people deal with ambiguity, especially in the initial stages of relationship
The primary purpose/function of communication is to reduce uncertainty
we are motivated to seek information to reduce uncertainty |
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Term
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Definition
| questioning how you should act |
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Term
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Definition
| questioning what you should think |
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Term
| Passive information seeking strategies |
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Definition
noticing things, patterns
facebook stalking |
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Term
| Active information seeking strategies |
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Definition
| asking other people about the person |
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Term
| Interactive information seeking strategies |
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Definition
| asking the person you want to get to know |
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Term
Relationship between intimacy and uncertainty reduction:
Verbal Communication goes up, uncertainty goes... |
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Definition
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Term
Relationship between intimacy and uncertainty reduction:
Nonverbal expressives go up, uncertainty goes... |
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Definition
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Term
Relationship between intimacy and uncertainty reduction:
Uncertainty increases, information seeking behavior goes... |
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Definition
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Term
Relationship between intimacy and uncertainty reduction:
Uncertainty goes down, friction goes... |
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Definition
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Term
Relationship between intimacy and uncertainty reduction:
Uncertainty goes down, repricocity goes... |
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Definition
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Term
Relationship between intimacy and uncertainty reduction:
Similarities go up, uncertainty goes... |
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Definition
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Term
| Expectation Violation Theory |
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Definition
| how we respond to arousal |
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Term
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Definition
positively valued
teach you how to behave in social norms |
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Term
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Definition
| we notice when people go out of the norm, makes us feel stuff |
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Term
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Definition
positive - when the hot guy/girl smiles at you
negative - when the creeper smiles at you |
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Term
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Definition
| the person who violates the social norm |
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Term
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Definition
| you can benefit from deviating from the norm |
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Term
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Definition
| deviating from the norm is not going to benefit you, so don't |
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Term
| Communication Accommodation Theory |
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Definition
why we make adjustments in our vocal patterns, speech, and gestures to accommodate others
takes nonverbal communication into account |
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Term
| Role of Social Identity Theory |
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Definition
| primarily created by the groups with which they identify |
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Term
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Definition
| groups that we are motivated to join because they are appealing to us |
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Term
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Definition
Can also do this by trying too hard.
Dad: “sup dude. Totally rad!” |
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Term
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Definition
| asserting power differences |
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Term
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Definition
ability to adjust, regulate, or modify your behavior in response to another person
typicall unconsciously |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that we stay in relationships where the benefits outweigh the costs |
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Term
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Definition
| Acceptable level of satisfaction for maintaining a relationship |
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Term
| Comparison Level of Alternative |
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Definition
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Term
| Relational Dialectics Theory |
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Definition
Talks about relationships in a different way than they had been before
more jagged ups and downs, not steps |
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Term
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Definition
self sustaining
independent |
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Term
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Definition
strangers on a train/plane
too much info too soon |
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Term
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Definition
doesn't open up at all.
need to find a balance |
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Term
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Definition
need to be independent but connected
can't be too connected - asking every time you need to pee...yeah. |
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Term
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Definition
new info
too much is bad though |
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Term
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Definition
| always picking the same thing, can be good |
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Term
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Definition
| one person wants more and the other wants less |
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Term
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Definition
| want to be alone, want to be together - pick one and balance |
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Term
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Definition
perceiving both sides of the tensions
trying to make polar opposites less intense
ie small talk |
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Term
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Definition
Perceptual ting
don't perceive them as opposites anymore |
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Term
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Definition
| contradictory or opposing tensions |
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Term
| How is the violation of expectancies/expectations related to changes in arousal? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
knowing more can be very rewarding or very costly
ie, the boss who could give you a raise is allergic to peanuts, don't suck up by giving him peanut butter cookies |
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Term
| When is uncertainty not a big deal? |
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Definition
when they're not acting out of the norm
when you're not anticipating future interactions |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that accounts for the redressing of the affronts to face posed by face-threatening acts to addressees. |
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Term
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Definition
| the desired self image that you want to present to others |
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Term
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Definition
| the need to be liked, appreciated and admired by others |
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Term
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Definition
| the need to be free, act as you choose, and be unconstrained by others |
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Term
| Assumptions of politeness theory |
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Definition
all people are concerned about their face
we recognize that other people have face needs
it's generally in one's best interest to work to maintain others' face |
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Term
Face threatening acts (FTAs)
[list examples of inherently face threatening acts] |
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Definition
| actual threat, criticisms, requests, compliments |
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Term
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Definition
no attempt to acknowledge the other person's face wants or needs, least polite
ie, "Give me your notes!" |
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Term
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Definition
try to attend to the other person's face needs, act like you like them.
ie, "Hey old pal, you're always there for me in a pinch, can I borrow your notes?" |
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Term
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Definition
try to attend to the other person's negative face needs.
ie, "I hate to ask you, and normally wouldn't dream of asking you, but could I please borrow your notes? I'll be forever indebted to you." |
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Term
| "Going off-record" (hinting) |
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Definition
you don't actually ask outright, but hint that you want something.
ie, "Wow, I'm gonna have a hard time next week on the test because I missed lecture...sigh" |
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Term
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Definition
you don't do or say anything and hope that everyone is a mind reader.
ie, "..." |
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Term
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Definition
| one's identification with a group that shares symbols, meanings, experiences and behaviors |
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Term
| Intracultural communication |
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Definition
| communication within one culture |
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Term
| cross-culture communication |
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Definition
| comparison of two or more cultural communication |
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Term
| intercultural communication |
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Definition
| the actual interaction between members of different cultures |
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Term
| Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions states that... |
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Definition
| there are differences in cultures and cultures will vary |
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Term
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Definition
individual accomplishment is more important to the group
ie, USA |
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Term
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Definition
focuses on group accomplishment/family
"You'll bring honor to us all!"
(this shows up in Asian cultures) |
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Term
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Definition
focus on achievement, acquisition, quest, assertiveness, and has more gender role differentiation
ie, Japan and Austria |
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Term
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Definition
focus on relationships, cooperation instead of competition, valuing of discussion, gender roles are not highly differentiated.
ie, Norway and Sweden |
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Term
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Definition
You are stuck where you are born, a caste/class system, and there's nothing you can do about it
ie, India and Malaysia |
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Term
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Definition
you can change your lot in life
ie, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Austria, and the USA |
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Term
| High Uncertainty Avoidance |
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Definition
Cultures that don't like uncertainty, have a lot of rules
ie, Greece |
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Term
| Low Uncertainty Avoidance |
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Definition
Cultures that like ambiguity and spontaneity
ie, Singapore and Jamaica |
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Term
| Long Term Time Orientation (Low Indulgence) |
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Definition
are willing to wait/defer rewards. Willing to sacrifice and are thrifty.
ie, China |
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Term
| Short Term Time Orientation (High Indulgence) |
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Definition
want immediate gratification
ie, West Africa, the Philippines, and the US |
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Term
| Individualistic cultures are more concerned for which face? |
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Definition
negative face
more concern with autonomy and independence |
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Term
| Collectivistic cultures are more concerned for which face? |
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Definition
positive face
more concern preserving the face of others |
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Term
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Definition
most likely to be used by collectivistic cultures
low self-face concern, high others-face concern |
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Term
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Definition
most likely to be used by individualistic cultures
low self-face concern, moderate others-face concern |
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Term
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Definition
used by both types of culture
high self-face concern, high others-face concern |
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Term
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Definition
most likely to be used by individualistic cultures
low self-face concern, low others-face concern |
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Term
| Difference between sex and gender |
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Definition
sex is biological
gender is what you identify as |
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Term
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Definition
| men and women have different experiences that shape the way they view the world. Because of these variations, men and women communicate differently |
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Term
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Definition
women use communication to establish connections with others, whereas men use communication to maintain power over others
men focus on WHAT is being said
women focus on HOW it is being said |
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Term
| How is the APA citation of a journal title different than a book title? |
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Definition
| book title will be italicized, a journal title will not |
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Term
| What are the basic parts of a scholarly research report? |
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Definition
Title page
Abstract
Introduction (goal and significance of research, review of literature, statement of research questions/hypothesis)
Method, (participants, media content, how selected, procedures and measures used)
Results
Discussion (significance of results, limitations and flaws of study, conclusions, recommendations for future research)
References
Appendices |
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Term
| How do you cite sources in the text of your papers using APA style? What if you are using a direct quotation? |
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Definition
signal the author(s) in the sentence, and after the sentence put their last name(s) in parentheses followed by the year of the study you are referencing.
If it is a direct quote, do the same, but put the quote in quotations |
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Term
| How is a title page set up for a paper using APA style? |
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Definition
Begin at the top left with the words “Running head,” followed by a colon and a short form of the title of your paper. The short form should be no more than fifty characters and should be typed in all capital letters. Flush with the right margin, put the page number 1.
About halfway down the page, center the full title of your paper (capitalizing all words of four letters or more), your name, and your school’s name.
Then add the integrity statement. |
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Term
| Why is citing sources accurately important? |
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Definition
so that scholarly readers can access the same material you did.
also to avoid plagiarism. |
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