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| growing contrast between those who can afford to purchase computers and pay for internet and those who cannot |
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| fully interactive and collaborative medium; instant messaging, web browsing, email, search engines |
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| information gathering software that is secretly bundled with free downloaded software |
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| information profiles that are automatically collected and transferred between computer servers wherever users access websites |
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| begun by Defense Department b/c wanted a secure communication system; led to birth of Internet |
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| emphasized user generated content and a way for users to communicate with the masses |
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| principle that every website and user has the same internet network speed and access; open and neutral network |
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| Tim Berners Lee developed the World Wide Web at CERN in late 1980s |
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| censorship frequent; general public needs guidance from an elite class; news controlled by private enterprise |
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| press controlled completely by government; some criticism allowed |
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| social responsibility model |
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| the ideals of mainstream journalism in the US; usually privately owned |
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| encourages vigorous government criticism and supports highest degree of individual and press freedoms; no restrictions |
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| courts and governments can't block any publication or speech before it actually occurs |
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| false statement in written or broadcast form |
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| spoken language that defame's a person's character |
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| occurred during Vietnam War when there was clear and present danger to national security; government can control what is published if it puts nation in danger during times of war; could prior restraint be justified? SC decided prior restraint couldnt be imposed |
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| leaflets urging American men to protest draft were distributed; Schenck sentenced to 10 year prison term; ruling: entitles to 1st amendment protection, but ONLY during times of peace; some first amendment rights taken away at times of war |
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| Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC |
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| Supreme Court decided whenever a broadcaster's rights conflict with the public interest, public interest prevails; upheld the 1934 Communications Act; least constitutional protection; equal coverage for both political parties so public can be fully informed |
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| Miami Herald Publishing v. Tornillo |
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| Supreme Court ruled the right-to-reply law is unconstitutional for newspapers; there was a Florida state law which wanted equal space for political candidates; ruled unconstitutional and editorial judgment of newspapers protected by first amendment; most constitutional protection |
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| first major attempt to constrain first amendment; when there is clear and present danger, less 1st amendment rights |
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| ad defending MLK Jr. criticized law enforcement tactics used in Souther states; NYT accused of libel by Alabama courts; Supreme Court ruled Alabama libel laws violated NYT first amendment rights |
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| earliest type of market research; documented audience members' age, gender, occupation, ethnicity, education and income |
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| attempts to categorize consumers based on their attitudes, beliefs, interests and motivations |
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| using celebrity endorsements |
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| associates a product with simplicity |
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| tries to persuade a customer that using a product will maintain or elevate social status |
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| points out claims that everyone is using a product |
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| plays on consumers sense of insecurity |
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| associates a product with a positive cultural value or image even if it has little connection to the product; used in most consumer ads |
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| ads featuring hyperbole and exaggeration |
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| creative department (advertising department) |
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| writers and artists outline rough sketch of ads |
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| media selection (advertising department) |
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| media buyers choose and purchase the types of media best suited to carry a client's ad and reach the target audience |
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| account services (advertising department) |
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| account executives are responsible for bringing in new business and managing the accounts of established clients |
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| American Association of Advertising Agencies (AAAA) |
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| established in 1917; minimize the government oversight by urging ad agencies to refrain from making misleading product claims; created to self-regulate ad industry |
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| thoughts and feelings that come to mind when you hear a product name |
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| the degree to which consumers see products as interchangeable |
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| values and lifestyles research; divides consumers into types and measures psychological factors including how consumers think and feel about products and how they achieve or don't achieve the lifestyles to which they aspire |
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| started the idea of a story to sell; having a story makes the product more dramatic and therefore more memorable |
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| independence; a commercial that can cross cultures in a wordless manner; macho spokesmodel became recognized all over the world |
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| negative advertising; made it okay to have a commercial that blatantly attacked its competitor |
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| goal is to create a more organized and meaningful web; semantic web |
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| both sides of an issue should be given equal coverage by broadcasters |
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