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Definition
-Presented image of communicator
-How we present ourselves in social situations |
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| -Managing how you present yourself in social situations |
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| -Theatrical metaphor and dramaturgical awareness |
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| -Being aware of theatre aspect or how you act |
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| -All the activity of a person that occurs while he or she is present before a particular set of observers |
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| -Group of people watching one's performance |
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| -Stuff that stays put (furniture) |
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-You must act in ways that express rhe desired identity and realized image of performance audience relationship
-Conceals behaviors that are inconsistant with what your portraying |
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| Performance needs to be in control of aspects of his or her behavior that people will use to form their opinions of you |
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| -Set of individuals who cooperate in staging a performance |
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| -2 Duties: correcting unsatisfactory behavior and allocating work |
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| -Leader and Allocator behind the scenes |
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| -Performer attempting to receive focus of attention |
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| -Place where performance is given |
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| -Place where an impression is fostered; knowingly by a performance |
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| -Performer knowingly contradicts image in front region |
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| -Where you put on your performance |
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| Back Region access control |
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| -Making sure back region is occupied by right place |
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| Front region access control |
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Definition
| -There are only certain people who want to see the performance |
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-Switch definition of situation so intruder fits
-Treat intruder as if they should have been there all along |
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| -Accidental gesture such as spilling on customer |
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| -Intruding accidentally or because of bad timing |
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| -Significance of intentional act is not understood by act (later realize it was stupid) |
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| -To avoid this all participants need to behave certain way |
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| -Consistently acting loyal towards others |
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| -One's teammates are not intentionally creating disruptions |
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| Dramaturgical circumspection |
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Definition
| -Pay attention to potential consequences |
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Definition
| -Don't just go into back room of a kitchen |
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-In front of outsiders
-Implicit ignoring of people (sitting to close to person at dinner) |
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| -Showing consideration for others |
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| -Verbal device said before you may say something that might reflect badly |
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| -Used after you said something to modify negative implications of an impending action/statement |
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| -Acknowledges act was wrong but denies responsibility |
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| -Accepts responsibility but denies it was wrong |
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| -Admits it was wrong/takes responsibility and asks for forgiveness |
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Term
| When are people presenting an identity |
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Definition
| -When interacting socially |
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Term
| In what ways can dramaturgical awareness vary in everyday life |
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Definition
| -Can vary on how someone is acting; some may be very aware they are screwing up where as if in a job interview you have to be aware |
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Term
| What can a performer do if an attempt at audience segregation fails |
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Definition
| -Make the intruder fit in or act like they were supposed to be there the whole time |
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| Differences between kinds of performance disruptions |
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| -Inopportune Intrusion vs. Faux Pas |
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Term
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| -Statement making an argument for something |
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| -Specific info relied upon to support claim |
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| -General statement justifying grounds as the basis for the claim |
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| -Support for ground or warrant |
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| -Statement that identifies possible exceptions to claim |
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| -Word or phrase that indicates a force of strength in which a claim is advanced |
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| -Argument on its own is believeable and is presented in such a way |
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| -Grounds that are introduced for a claim should be relevant |
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| -Is taking argument as a whole enough evidence to suggest truth |
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| -Ways arguments can go wrong |
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| What are various ways argument has been conceptualized |
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Term
| How are justification, correctness, and persuasiveness related |
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Definition
-All pertain to the claim
-J: claim needs to be justified/have support
-C: Right or wrong
-P: Can be persuasive with weak justification |
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Term
| What are different argument prototypes and what distinguishes them from one another |
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Definition
-Classification:
-Generalization:
-Cause to effect:
-Effect to cause:
-Analogy:
-Authority: |
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| What criteria is available for evaluating the quality of an argument |
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Definition
| -Acceptability, relevance, and sufficiency |
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| -When a person accepts influence because he/she hopes to achieve favorite outcome |
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| -Behavior actually matters |
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| -Idea that person persuading has control over rewards/punishment |
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| -Idea that someone has control over another person; primary source of control |
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| -When you believe you are not being watched |
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| Self-defining relationship |
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Definition
-Process of social influence
-Qualities influence how you define yourself |
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Definition
| -Said to occur when person actually believes in the value of the new opinion or behavior |
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| Competence (product/process) |
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Definition
-Person in position to know truth
-Product: how much you know about topic
-Process: ability to communicate topic |
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| -Someone has high product skills so credibility increases |
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| -Concerns the communicator telling the truth and/or being unbiased/fair |
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| -Willingness to talk to others |
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| -Ability to have fun/pleasant interacting with others |
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| -Used to show reasoning behind argument |
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| Statistical summary information |
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Definition
| -Summary of examples through statistics |
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| Stimulus a person cannot identify |
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| -Form of subliminal/persuasive message |
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| -Degree of personal relevance for a message recipient |
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| -Audio, face to face, or written message |
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| Explain the process of social influence |
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Definition
| -Internalization, compliance, identification |
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| What trait or characteristic increases one's effectiveness at persuading others |
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Definition
-Internalization (credibility)
-Compliance (attractiveness)
-Identification (means control) |
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| Hierarchy of social influence processes |
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Definition
| -Compliance, internalization |
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| What are the dimensions of credibility and how high do people want to be in each dimension |
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| Complexities and caveats regarding the processes of social influence |
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Definition
-Not mutually exclusive
-Lots of things are factors
-Different processes at different times |
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| Describe the general format of experiments studying the effects of persuasive messages |
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Definition
-Designed to make unambiguous conclusions
-Pretest-high cred. or low cred.-post test |
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| Which is more persuasive stats or examples |
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Definition
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| Three types of subliminal message elements discussed in lecture |
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Definition
1. Briefly presented stimuli
2. Sexual imagery on words hidden in pictures
3. Backward masking |
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| Persuasive effects of using subliminal message elements |
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Definition
| -1956: done through theatre and was successful |
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Term
| How does receiver involvement influence persuasive outcomes |
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Definition
-Communicator characteristics come into play
-If someone is engaged/unengaged this affects other variables |
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Term
| How does message persuasiveness vary by channel |
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Definition
-Overall does not matter greatly
-Face to face is most influential |
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Definition
| -Natural connection between sports and drama |
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Definition
| -Media coverage must appeal to be objective |
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Definition
| -Journalists free from political influence |
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| -All serious candidates should be presented without favoring or disafavoring |
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Definition
| -Describing things with just the facts |
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| -Material must tell us something |
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Definition
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Definition
-Voters don't learn very much from watching news
-Invites people to be synical |
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| Agenda setting/agenda setting hypothesis |
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Definition
| -The attention given to the news/media influences the publics perception of important issues |
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Term
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Definition
| -Amount of media coverage -> perceived importance of message |
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| Cross lagged correlational designs |
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Definition
| -2 correlational designs intersecting |
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Definition
| -Manipulate independent variable |
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Term
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Definition
| -Actors with high face ratios are powerful, good looking, intelligent, ambitious |
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Term
| When sportsframe is applied to political campaigns what are the central questions asked about campaign |
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Definition
-Who is winning?
-How are they winning? |
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| What is the problem, proposal, performance scheme and how does it differ from the sportsframe |
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Definition
-Asking what are the central problems to voters
-Analyzing performance to make suggestions to perform in the future |
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| In what ways are journalists constrained and how are these constraints related to sportsframe |
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Definition
-Media coverage must appear to be objective, must draw and audience
-Relates to sportsframe because also entertaining |
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| How do journalists establish that their news coverage is objective |
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Definition
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| What are the main effects of sportsframe |
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Definition
-Voters don't learn much from watching news on politics and positions on issues
-Invites people to be cynical |
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| What do we know about agenda setting |
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Definition
-Attention given to issues by news media
-Influences the publics perceptions of the importance of issues |
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Definition
| -Collectively portrays the world |
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Definition
| -Effects of how media portrays violence |
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Definition
-Learn what's appropriate through observation
-Have emotional responses to t.v that affect our real world responses |
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Definition
| -Think things effect others but no self |
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| What have scholars concluded about how minority members are depicted in the media |
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Definition
| -Depicted as the minority based on lack of jobs and coverage in media |
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| How do entertaining media potentially facilitate stereotyping |
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Definition
-Few minorities
-Media creates false identity |
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| How does interpersonal contact influence the tendency to stereotype |
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Definition
| -More likely to stereotype based off of personal experience (asian driving poorly) |
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| How prevalent is violent content in the media |
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Definition
| -Theorized that violence in media and video games effects peoples actions/thinking |
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| What have scholars concluded about the effects of media violence and how the effects are portrayed in the media |
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Definition
-There is some correlation
-Violent television causes more violence in children versus a show with action
-Cross lags have shown violence in the media does cause personal violence |
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Term
| What moderates the relationship between media violence and aggression |
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Definition
-If violence is punished then people are less inclined to do it
-If not punished they are more inclined
-If violence is shown with harm and pain then that will lesser violence |
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