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COM 101 Test 2 Davidson
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71
Communication
Undergraduate 1
03/19/2014

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Term
Information Literacy
Definition
The skills one needs to locate information efficiently and to evaluate what one learns
Term
How do you develop a research strategy?
Definition
  • Prepare an overview- Review articles and encyclopdia (General Knowledge)
  • Build a bibliograpy- Get a lot of resources
  • Acquire in depth knowledge- Look deeper than facts and figures
  • Use up to date info
  • Include local application
Term
What is Responsible Knowledge?
Definition
  • A comprehensive understanding of your topic such as

-Main issue

-Respected Authorities Oppinions

-Latest Developments

-Local Applications

Term
How do you gain Responsible Knowledge
Definition
  • Assess your personal knowledge and experience
  • Enrich your knowledge using library and internet and expert interviews
  • Take careful notes
Term
Questions to ask when evaluating research materials
Definition

Does this source 

  • Containt relevant facts and stats
  • Cite experts whom can be quoted
  • Provide interesting examples
  • Provide narratives that bring topic to life

Look for the 4 Rs

Term
What are the 4 Rs?
Definition
  1. Relevance
  2. Representativeness
  3. Recency
  4. Reliability
Term
How do you evaluate Websites
Definition
  • Authority- Evalute credentials of author
  • Accuracy- Evaluate correctness by checking against other info
  • Objectivity- Is the source free of bias
Term
Interviewing Process
Definition
  • Prepping for the interview
  • Establish Contact
  • Prepare for the interview
  • Conduct the Interview
Term
How do you you Prep for the interview
Definition

 

  • §  Make interviews the final phase of your research preparation
  • §  Check your library’s vertical file or local newspaper archives to help you identify nearby prospects for interviews
  • §  Through your initial research, identify widely recognized experts for possible telephone or email interviews
  • §  Find out which means of interview works best
  • Look on your campus for interviews

 

 

 

 

 

 

Term
What is a Mirror Question?
Definition
A question that repeats part of a previous response to encourage further discussion
Term
What is a verifier?
Definition
A statement by an interviewer confirming the meaning of what has just been said by the person being interviewed
Term
What is a reinforcer?
Definition
A comment or question that encourages the interviewee
Term
What are source cards?
Definition
Records kept of the author, title, place, page and date of the publication
Term
What is an information card?
Definition
Research notes on facts and ideas obtained from an article or book
Term
What is Informative Speaking?
Definition
A speech that enlightens by sharing ideas and information
Term
What is informative Value?
Definition
A measure of how much new and important information or understand a speech conveys
Term
What is a speech of Description?
Definition
An informative speech that describes through vivid language
Term
What is a speech of Demonstration?
Definition
An informative speech that shows the audience how to do something or how something works
Term
What is a speech of Explanation?
Definition
An informative speech that offers understanding of abstract and complex subjects
Term
What are the ways to maintain the audiences attention?
Definition
  • Relevance
  • Intensity- The exten to which aspects of a speech have the quality of being striking or standing out
  • Contrast- Attracts attentions by highlighting differences
  • Repetition
  • Novelty
Term
What is retention?
Definition
The extent to which speakers remember and use a message
Term
What are the type of designs?
Definition
  1. Categorical
  2. Comparative
  3. Spatial
  4. Sequential
  5. Chrological
  6. Causation
Term
What is a Categorical Design?
Definition
Arranges main ideas by natural or customary divisions
Term
What is Comparative Design?
Definition
Arranged by exploring similarities and differences
Term
What is the difference between a literal analogy and a figurative analogy?
Definition

Literal analogy- a comparison drawn from subjects from the same field of experience

Figurative Analogy- Comparison drawn from subjects from essentially different fields of experience

Term
What is a Spatial Design
Definition
Arranges main points as they occur in space
Term
What is Sequential Design?
Definition
Explains the steps in a process in order
Term
What is Chronolgoical Design?
Definition
Explains events or historical developments in order which they occur
Term
What is causation Design
Definition
Addresses the origins or consequences of a situation or event, showing a vice versa or cause and effect
Term
What is a briefing?
Definition
A short informative presentation offered in an organizational setting that focuses on plans, policies or reports
Term
What are the aspects of a briefing?
Definition
  • Should be short
  • Organized before speaking
  • Rely heavily on facts and figures
  • Adapt language to audience
  • Present your message with confidence
  • Be prepared to answer tough questions
Term
What questions should you ask when beginning the informative speech process?
Definition
  • Is my topic significat enough
  • What do my listeners already know
  • What more do they need to know to accomplish my purpose
  • Do I understand my topic well enough to help others understand
Term
What are the Three impulses that create informative speeches?
Definition
  1. We seek to expand our awareness of the world around us
  2. We seek to learn skills that are vital or enjoyable
  3. We have an abiding curiosity about how things work and why they were made
Term
What are the 5 types of listeners?
Definition
  1. Interested but uninformed
  2. Interested and knowledgeable
  3. Uninterested
  4. Unsympathetic
  5. Distrustful

 

Term
How do you work with an Interested but uninformed audience?
Definition
Provide them with basic info, use examples and visual aids
Term
How do you deal with an interested and knowledgeable audience?
Definition
Establish credibility, acknowledge diverse perspectives, go into depth
Term
How do you deal with an uninterested audience?
Definition
Show them what's in it for them, keep it short and to the point, use eye catching visual aids
Term
How do you deal with an unsympathetic audience?
Definition
Show respect, cite credible sources, make it warm and engaging
Term
How do you deal with a distrustful audience
Definition
Establish ethos, rely on credible facts, be straightforward
Term
What do you keep in mind when motivating an audience?
Definition

Will it...

  • help them understand and control the world around them
  • Improve thier health, safety or general well being
  • Give them a sense of making a contribution by caring for others
  • Help them establish better relations with family and friends
  • Give them a sense of accomplishment
  • Contribute to the restoration of moral balance and fairness
  • Provide them with enjoyment
Term
What are supporting materials?
Definition
Facts, figures, testimony, examples and narratives that are the building blocks of substantive speech making
Term
What are facts?
Definition
Statements that can be verified as true or false by independent observers
Term
What are statistics?
Definition
Facts that are measured mathematically?
Term
What is Context of Interpretation?
Definition
Helps shape the meaning of a fact by offering a way of looking at it
Term
What is disinformation?
Definition
Information that has been fabricated or distorted beyond reason in order to advance a given agenda
Term
What is a Lay Testimony?
Definition
Citing the words or views of everday people on a subject
Term
What is Prestige Testimony
Definition
Citing the words of a person who is highly admired or respected but not necessarily an expert
Term
What are the 4 types of Examples?
Definition
  1. Brief- A concise reference to illustrate a point
  2. Extended- A more detailed reference that allows the speaker to explain the point in more detail
  3. Factual- An example based on something that actually happened or really exists
  4. Hypothetical- An example not offered as real, but as representative of actual people, situations or events
Term
What is a narrative?
Definition
A story that conveys an idea or establishes a mood
Term
What is an Embedded Narrative
Definition
A story inserted within the overall structure of a speech
Term
What is a Vicarious Experience Narrative?
Definition

A narrative that invites listeners to imagine themselves as participants in a story.

Term
What is a master Narrative?
Definition

A speech that is structured around a single, well developed narrative    

Term
What is a Narrative Probability?
Definition

Measures the skill of the speaker in blending scene, characters, and actions into a compelling story.

Term

What is a Narrative Fidelity?

Definition
Measures the authenticity of the story, the likelihood it happened.
Term
What should you consider when evaluating a narrative?
Definition
  • Is the narrative relevant to my topic and purpose
  • Does the narrative fairly represent the situation
  • Will the story help listeners make sense of things
  • Will the narrative appropriate for this audience
  • Will the narrative draw listeners into the action
  • Will the story provide appropriate role models
  • Will the story enchance identification among listeners, topic and speaker
  • Will the narrative make my speech more memorable
  • Does the story set an appropriate mood for my message
  • Is the narrative fresh and interesting
  • Is the narrative in good taste?
Term
How do you deal with having a controversial idea
Definition
Rely on facts, statistics, factual examples or expert testimony
Term
What do you do if your topic is distant?
Definition
Bring it to life with examples and narratives
Term
What do you do if your topic is highly technical
Definition
Define key terms and use expert testimony
Term
What do you need to do if you need to defuse emotions?
Definition
Emphasize facts, stats and expert testimony
Term
What is simplicity?
Definition
Suggests that a speech has a limited number of main points and that they are short and direct
Term
How do you achieve simplicty?
Definition
  • Limit number of main points
  • Fewer points, more support
  • Repeat key points for emphasis.... EMPHASIS
  • Use parallel construction: Wording in a repeated pattern to emphasize importance and show relatedness
  • Paraphrase main points
Term
What order should you use for simplicity?
Definition
  1. Introduce
  2. Points
  3. Support
  4. Develop
  5. Conclude
Term
How to structure body of your speech. What process should you use?
Definition
  1. Select, arrange and develop main and supporting points
  2. Develop a working outline
  3. Add transitions
Term
What are ways to arrange main points?
Definition
  • Categorical
  • Comparative
  • Spatial
  • Sequential
  • Chronological
  • Causation
  • Problem Solution
  • Refutative
  • Narrative
Term
What is a working Outline?
Definition
A tentative plan showing the pattern of a speech's major parts, their relative importance and the way they fit together
Term
What is coordination?
Definition
The requirement that statements equal in importance be placed on the same level in an outline
Term
What is Subordination?
Definition
The requirement that material in an outline descend in importance from the general to the specific- from main points to subpoints to sub-subpoints
Term
What is an internal summary?
Definition
A transition that reminds listeners of major points already presented in a speech before proceeding to new ideas
Term
What are the ways to introduce a speech?
Definition

ú  Acknowledge the audience, location or occasion

ú  Invoke shared interests and values

ú  Urging audience participation through show of hands, rhetorical strategies and verbal agreement

ú  Humor

ú  Open with a narrative

ú  Opening with a quotation

ú  Startling the audience

ú  Establish your credibility

·      Be well organized

·      A good intro

·      Cite personal expertise

·      Come off straight forward, sincere and genuinely concerned

Term
What are some ways to conclude?
Definition

 

 

 

 

 

ú  Summarize

 

ú  Echo your intro

 

ú  Restate the relevance

 

ú  Issue a call to action

 

ú  Ask a rhetorical question

 

ú  Close with a story

 

ú  Close with a question

 

ú  Close with a metaphor

Use rhetorical strategies

Term
Things to consider with both intro and conclusion
Definition

ú  Do what you do best

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