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Definition
| use of language to obtain what you need or desire |
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| use of language to control or regulate the behaviors of others |
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| use of language to acquire knowledge and understanding |
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| use of language to communicate information or report facts |
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| use of language to express individuality and personality |
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| use of language to express oneself artistically or creatively |
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Definition
| the study of the sounds that compose individual languages and how those sounds communicate meaning |
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| the rules that govern word order |
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| the dictionary, or literal meaning of a word |
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| use of language to establish and define social relationships |
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| the affective or interpretive meanings attached to a word |
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| field of study that emphasizes how language is used in specific situations to accomplish goals |
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| branch of pragmatics that suggests that when people communicate, they do not just say things, they also do things with their words |
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| describes what is said, or the act of saying something |
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| describes what one does with one's utterance; what the utterance accomplishes |
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| describes the affect an utterance has |
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| a variation of a language distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation |
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| the influence of shared characteristics of a group that was born and reared in the same general period. |
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Definition
| an American English dialect that some African American speak |
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Definition
| the specialized terms that develop in many professions |
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Definition
| the stage of listening more people refer to as hearing; when listeners pick up the sound waves directed toward them |
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Definition
| interpreting the messages associated with sounds or what the sounds mean |
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Definition
| assessing your reaction to a message |
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Definition
| showing others how you regard their message |
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Term
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Definition
| those who argue that any idea can be expressed in any language and that the structure and vocabulary of the language do not influence the speaker's perception of the world |
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Definition
| those who argue that language serves not only as a way for use to voice our ideas but is itself the shaper of ideas, the guide for the individual's mental activity |
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Definition
| idea that the language people speak determines the way they see the world (relativist) |
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Term
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Definition
| explores the role of power in daily interactions |
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Term
| DISCONFIRMING COMMUNICATION |
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Definition
| comments that reject or invalidate a positive self-image of our conversational partners |
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Definition
| comments that validate positive self-image of others |
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Definition
| all the nonverbal actions people perform |
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Definition
| nonverbal behavior that has symbolic meaning |
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Definition
| distinct, organized means of expression that consists of symbols and rules for their use |
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Definition
| a nonverbal communication sent by the body, including gestures, posture, movement, facial expressions, and eye behavior |
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Definition
| nonverbal communication made with part of the body, including actions such as pointing, waving or holding up a hand to direct people's attention |
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Definition
| signals that accompany speech to clarify or emphasize the verbal message. |
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Definition
| gestures that stand for a specific verbal meaning |
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Definition
| gestures used to manage emotions |
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Definition
| gestures used to control conversation |
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Definition
| how close or involved people appear to be with each other |
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Definition
| the degree of tension displayed by one's body |
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Definition
| all aspects of spoken language except the words themselves; includes rate, volume, pitch stress, etc. |
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Definition
| qualities such as speed, pitch, rhythm, vocall range, and articulation that make up the "music" of the human voice |
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Definition
| uttered sounds that do not have the structure of language |
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| the study of the way people use time as a message |
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Definition
| the study of how people use spatial cues, including interpersonal distance, territoriality, and other space relationships, to communicate |
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Definition
| engaging in one task or behavior at a time |
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| engaging in multiple activities simultaneously |
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Definition
| 0-18 inches; very close relationship |
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| 18 inches - 4 feet; friends and acquaintances |
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Definition
| 4-12 feet; most U.S. Americans, unfamiliar |
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Definition
| 12-25 feet; lectures, public ceremonies |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the communicative function of touch |
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Definition
| the least intimate type of tuch; used by certain workers such as dentists, hairstylists and hospice workers |
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Term
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Definition
| touch that is part of daily interaction in the United States, this is more intimate than professional touch but is still impersonal |
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Definition
| touch that is more intimate than social touch and usually conveys warmth, closeness, and caring |
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Definition
| the touch most often used with one's romantic partners and family |
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Definition
| a type of touch used to establish dominance and power |
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Term
| COMMUNICATION INFORMATION |
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Definition
| using nonverbal behaviors to help clarify verbal messages and reveal attitudes and moods |
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Term
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Definition
| using nonverbal behaviors to help manage turn-taking during conversation |
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Term
| EXPRESSING AND MANAGING INTIMACY |
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Definition
| using nonverbal behaviors to help convey attraction and closeness |
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Term
| ESTABLISHING SOCIAL CONTROL |
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Definition
| using nonverbal behavior to exercise influence over other people |
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| SIGNALING SERVICE-TASK FUNCTIONS |
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Definition
| using nonverbal behavior to signal close involvement between people in impersonal relationships and contexts |
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Term
| INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION |
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Definition
| communication that occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different |
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Term
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Definition
| learned patterns of perceptions, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people |
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| people who live between cultures and often experience contradictory cultural patterns |
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| a theory that individuals go through three predictable phases in adapting to a new culture |
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Term
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Definition
| a feeling of disorientation and discomfort due to the lack of familiar environmental cues |
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Definition
| beliefs that are so central to a cultural group that they are never questioned |
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Term
| INDIVIDUALISTIC ORIENTATION |
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Definition
| a value orientation that respects the autonomy and independence of individuals |
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Definition
| a value orientation that stresses the needs of the group |
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Definition
| a value orientation that expresses whether it is more important for a person to "do" or to "be" |
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Definition
| a value orientation that expresses whether humans are fundamentally good, evil or a mixture |
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Term
| HUMAN-NATURE VALUE ORIENTATION |
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Definition
| the perceived relationship between humans and nature |
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Definition
| a value orientation that refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a culture expect and accept an unequal distribution of power |
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| LONG-TERM VERSUS SHORT-TERM ORIENTATION |
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Definition
| the dimension of a society's value orientation that reflects its attitude toward virtue or truth |
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Definition
| a value orientation that stress the importance of possessing one fundamental truth |
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Definition
| a value orientation in which people stress the importance of virtue |
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Term
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Definition
| recognizes that things need not be perceived as ether/or, but may be seen as both/and |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking in which things are perceived as "either/or"-for example, good or bad, big or small. right or wrong |
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Term
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Definition
| a significant minority group within a dominant majority that does not share dominant group values or communication patterns |
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Definition
| how close one is to others |
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Definition
| the appeal one person has for another, based on physical appearance, personalities, and/or behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to develop relationships with people who are approximately as attractive as we are |
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Term
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Definition
| degree to which people share the same values interests and background |
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Term
| UNCERTAINTY REDUCTION THEORY |
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Definition
| a communication theory that argues much early interaction is dedicated to reducing uncertainty about others and determining if one wishes to interact with them again |
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Term
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Definition
| models of relationship development that view relationships as occurring in "stages" and that focus on what people do as relationships develop and decline |
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Term
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Definition
| stage of romantic relational development in which both people behave so as to appear pleasant and likeable |
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Term
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Definition
| stage of romantic relational development in which both people seek to learn about each other |
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Definition
| stage of romantic relational development in which both people seek to increase intimacy and connectedness |
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Term
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Definition
| stage or romantic relational development in which both people portray themselves as a couple |
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Definition
| stage of romantic relational development characterized by public commitment |
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Term
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Definition
| stage of romantic relational dissolution in which couples increase their interpersonal distance |
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Definition
| stage of romantic relational dissolution in which couples try to prevent change |
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Definition
| stage of romantic relational dissolution in which couples discuss safe topics |
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Definition
| stage of romantic dissolution in which couples try not to interact with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| stage of romantic relational dissolution in which couples end the relationship |
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Term
| RELATIONSHIP TRAJECTORY MODELS |
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Definition
| relationship development models that focus on the cognitive apsects of relationships and typically analyze how committed relational partners feel to one another |
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Term
| SOCIAL PENETRATION THEORY |
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Definition
| a theory that assumes that as people communicate, they become more familiar with each other and become closer |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of relational development characterized by "love at first sight" and a rapid progression toward commitment |
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Term
| FRIENDSHIP FIRST TRAJECTORY |
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Definition
| pattern of relational development characterized by a gradual progression from friendship to romance |
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Term
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Definition
| a model of relationship development in which couples move both toward and away form commitment over the course of their relationship |
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Definition
| a dialectical tension in relationships that refers to one's need to connect with others and the simultaneous need to feel independent or autonomous |
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Definition
| a dialectical tension in relationships that describes the need to be open and to self-disclose while also maintaining some sense of privacy |
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Definition
| a dialectical tension in relationships that describes the human desire for events that are new, spontaneous and unplanned while simultaneously needing some aspects of life to be stable and predictable |
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Term
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Definition
| behaviors that couples perform that help maintain their relationships |
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Definition
| a friendship termination strategy in which the friends spend less time together, don't return phone calls. and avoid places, where they are likely to see each other |
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Definition
| concealment, distortion, or lying in communication |
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Definition
| the tendency to not suspect one's intimates of deception |
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Definition
| a complex and often painful emotion that occurs when a person perceives a threat to an existing relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| physical violence against a partner |
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Definition
| physically nonviolent pressure to engage in unwanted sex |
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