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Colored Stones 6
Treatments
17
Geology
Post-Graduate
08/28/2018

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Cards

Term
Bleaching
Definition
a treatment that uses chemicals to lighten or remove color
Term
Colorless Impregnation
Definition
filling of pores or other openings with melted wax, resin, polymer, or plastic to improve appearance and stability
Term
Dyeing
Definition
a treatment that adds color or affects color by deepening it, making it more even, or changing it
Term
Fracture Filling
Definition
using a filler to conceal fractures and improve the apparent clarity of a gem
Term
Hardener
Definition
a chemical that treaters mix with some resins to cause them to solidify
Term
Heat Treatment
Definition
exposing a gem to rising temperatures for the purpose of changing its appearance
Term
Irradiation
Definition
exposing a gem to radiation to change or improve its color
Term
Lattice Diffusion
Definition
a treatment in which a gem is exposed to high temperatures and chemicals to allow penetration of color-causing elements
Term
Oxidizing Environment
Definition
an oxygen-rich environment that surrounds a gem during heat treatment, causing it to absorb oxygen
Term
Polymer
Definition
a liquid filling material that's very durable when it dries
Term
Quench Crackling
Definition
a rapid heating and cooling process that produces fractures in a stone so it will accept dye
Term
Reducing Environment
Definition
an oxygen-poor environment that surrounds a gem during heat treatment, causing it to lose oxygen
Term
Resin
Definition
a clear, viscous substance that's used to fill fractures in gemstones
Term
Smoke Treatment
Definition
heating a wrapped opal until smoke or ash penetrates its surface to darken it and bring out its play-of-color
Term
Sugar Treatment
Definition
soaking an opal in a hot sugar solution and then in sulfuric acid to darken it and bring out its play-of-color
Term
Surface Modification
Definition
altering a gem's appearance by applying backings, coatings, or coloring agents like paint
Term
Treatment
Definition
any human-controlled process, beyond cutting and polishing, that improves the appearance, durability or value of a gem
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