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Colonization to Jackson
Basic Terms needed for intro to US History
33
Social Studies
11th Grade
09/16/2019

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Term
What was Jamestown, and who did they rely on in order to survive?
Definition
First English colony in North America 1639; the colonists required the help of the local indian tribes in order to survive
Term
What was the Middle Passage?
Definition
The journey from Africa to North and South America that the slaves were forced to endure.
Term
What were the economic differences between the New England, Mid-Atlantic, and Southern colonies that led to problems in the future?
Definition

New England - mixed economy

Mid-Atlantic - mixed agriculture and industry

South - total agriculture

Term
Salutary Neglect
Definition
In our case, the King of England ignored small issues as long as the colonies were benefitting him for the most part.
Term
Great Awakening
Definition
Religious movement during the mid and late 1700s which was a reaction against the scientific advances occurring in the world that questioned many religious views
Term
What was the cause and who fought in the French and Indian War?
Definition
1754-1763: British vs. French; British colonists were moving into French territory
Term
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
Definition
at the end of French and Indian War, the British told its colonists that it could not go into the territory won in the war
Term
Stamp Act
Definition
British Tax on colonists where all items carrying the royal stamp had an extra tax placed upon it to help pay for colonial debts; colonists said that if we pay extra taxes, we should have more say in gov't
Term
Declaration of Independence
Definition
Largely written by Thomas Jefferson with the help of others; official declaration of colonies intent to seperate from England
Term
What purpose was served by Thomas Paine writing Common Sense?
Definition
To help colonists understand why they should no longer accept the way they were being treated by England.
Term
What was the importance of the Colonial victory at Saratoga?
Definition
It proved to other countries that the colonists actually had a chance at winning their independence from England. This led to many of these countries sending help to the Colonial Army.
Term
What was the Articles of Confederation?
Definition
The first form of government the United States used following the Revolutionary War. In this form of government, the states had most of the power leaving a weak central government. This lack of central power led to states arguing and finally the need for a new form of government.
Term
What was the purpose of The Federalist Papers?"
Definition
To help the citizens of the new nation understand how a government using a strong central power would not be similar to how they were ruled by the King of England.
Term
What are the Bill of Rights? Why were they included in the Constitution? What types of rights did they give US citizens?
Definition

Bill of Rights - First 10 Amendments of US Constitution dealing with individual's rights

 

They were put in Constitution in order to stop the fears of those afraid of abusive big government

 

Freedom of speech, freedom to assemble, right to bear arms, etc...

Term
What was the Great Compromise & what is the difference between the House of Representatives and the Senate?
Definition
To get the support of both large and small states, the legislative branch was split into 2 groups. The House of Representatives: number of reps allocated to state per population

& for the small states, the Senate: each state has two senators no matter what size or population

Term
Washington's Farewell Address
Definition
Stay out of Foreign issues & beware of the development of political parties
Term
XYZ Affair and Alien & Sedition Acts
Definition
During John Adam's presidency, French officials tried to get Americcan officials pay bribes to political favor; Adams put laws in place to have the right top throw out foreigners who were causing interference w government plus jailing those in the press saying negative things in the newspapers
Term
What was the importance of the Louisiana Purchase?
Definition
Doubled the size of the United States and lessened the importance of the French in North America.
Term
What is the importance of the case of Marbury v. Madison?
Definition
This case gave the Supreme Court the right to Judicial review or the right to view the actions of the other branches of government to see if what they were doing followed our Constitution.
Term
War of 1812
Definition
US vs. England; nobody wins; proves US is a world power
Term
What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?
Definition
President Monroe told the rest of the world to stay out of North or South America if they didn't already have holdings in that area or the United States would become physically involved
Term
Nationalism
Definition
love for your country to the point that you are bullying others
Term
Henry Clay's American System
Definition
Period of national pride following the War of 1812 leading to investment in the growth of the country
Term
Manifest Destiny
Definition
belief that God supports our country's goals of expansion to the point that we have his permission to do whatever we feel necessary to make this happen
Term
Jacksonian Democracy
Definition
Referring to the common man being taken into account within government instead of focusing on wants and needs of the upper class
Term
Trail of Tears
Definition
Movement of Cherokee Indians from homeland to reservations in midwest; many died during forced move
Term
What was the Nullification Crisis, and how did South Carolina play a role in this?
Definition
Nullification was the theory that a state could pick and choose which Federal laws they want to follow. The crisis was when South Carolina wanted to ignore a certain Federal ruling which led to Federal troops being called out to force the state to follow the law.
Term
What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention?
Definition
A Woman's Rights convention held in 1848
Term
What did Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott work towards improving?
Definition
They fought for equality for women legally and politically. Worked w/ Susan B Anthony
Term
Trail of Tears
Definition
Movement of Cherokee Indians from homeland to reservations in midwest; many died during forced move
Term
Mexican American War
Definition
1846-1848; starts with Mexican attack on Alamo; US wins; purpose was to take land from Mexico that will become Texas
Term
Wilmot Proviso
Definition
attempt to make it a rule that all new states being made from Texas westward would all be no slave states.
Term
abolitionist
Definition
one who fights the institution of slavery;
William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas, Sojourner Truth
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