Term
| Site where diuretics enter tubule. Is this active transport? |
|
Definition
| PCT, yes (9 acid and 5 base transporters) |
|
|
Term
| Site where 60-70% of filtrate is reabsorbed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kidneys receive ___% of cardiac ouput |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___% of fluid and solutes are filtered into the tubule. This equals ___ liters filtered. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __% of glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F the descending loop in permeable to both Na and water |
|
Definition
| F. Only water. Impermeable to Na |
|
|
Term
| Site where 25% of Na is reabsorbed. Is impermeable to water. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Site where 5% of Na is reabsorbed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water movement in the distal tubule is controlled by ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Site or action for thiazide diuretics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aldosterone inc/dec Na channels in the membrane of the DCT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Site of action for K sparing diuretics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Site where 2-3% of Na is reabsorbed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the collecting duct, water movement is controlled by ___ and ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loop diuretics inhibit the ____ carrier on the luminal membrane of the thick ascending loop of Henle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 loop diuretics given in lecture |
|
Definition
| Furosemide, Torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid |
|
|
Term
| Loop diuretics increase urine output by about ___liters/day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loop diuretics inc/dec medullary hypertonicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loop diuretics inc/dec Ca2+ and Mg2+ excretion b/c the inc/dec potential across tubular cell |
|
Definition
| increase excretion, decrease potential |
|
|
Term
| T/F Loop diuretics may result in hyperglycemia. |
|
Definition
| T. Impaired peripheral glucose uptake (insulin resistance) due to hypokalemia |
|
|
Term
| T/F loop diuretics have a direct relaxant effect on muscle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loop diuretics stimulate/inhibit PGE2 to produce a systemic vasodilator effect |
|
Definition
| stimulate. (PGE2 is blocked by nsaids). So NSAIDS would block this effect of loops |
|
|
Term
| Reflex activity of loop diuretics due to volume depletion would lead to an increase in __, __, and __ |
|
Definition
| renin-ang system, aldosterone, ADH |
|
|
Term
| Loop diuretics inc/dec uric acid excretion |
|
Definition
| decrease. So increase plasma levels of uric acid. |
|
|
Term
| T/F Loop diuretics are ineffective in pts with CrCl below 30 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Loop diuretics may lead to mild metabolic acidosis due to enhanced H+ secretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loop diuretic may produce mild hyperlipidemia b/c they increase ____ which leads to increases in____ |
|
Definition
| Sympathetic activity, TGs |
|
|
Term
| Seizures are an AE of loops due to hypo__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cardiac arrhythmias are an AE of loops due to hypo__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycosides, platinum, and cisplatin in combination with loops may potentiate this AE |
|
Definition
| ototoxicity. Damages hair cells in cochlea |
|
|
Term
| T/F An AE of loop diuretics is azotemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NSAIDS blunt/potentiate the effects of loops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F loop diuretics are a good choice for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loop diuretics inc/dec the CL of Lithium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ may add to the hypokalemic/hypomagnesium effects of loops -->arrythmias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chlorthalidone, metolazone, quinethazone, and indapamide are what class of drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ in a 2nd gen thiazide like that has some CCB activity, less elevation of lipids, less hypokalemia, and less hyperglycemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thiazide Diuretics inhibit ___ transported in the luminal membrane of ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Thiazide diuretics have carbonic anhydrase activity that greatly contributes to their diuretic activity |
|
Definition
| they do have some, but minimal effect |
|
|
Term
| Thiazide increase urine flow by ___L/day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thiazide inc/dec calcium excretion |
|
Definition
| decrease. Directly inc Ca reabsorption in PCT and enhance Na/Ca exchanger in DCT |
|
|
Term
| T/F Thiazides may lead to hyperglycemia b/c of increase K+ excrection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ may be used for hypercalcuria/renal calcium stones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect do thiazides have on diabetes insipidus? |
|
Definition
| paradoxical decrease in urine output |
|
|
Term
| Thiazides work best in __,__,__, and __ |
|
Definition
| elderly, obese, blacks, sodium retentive |
|
|
Term
| The short term mechs of thiazides in decreasing BP are decreased ___ and ___ |
|
Definition
| blood volume and cardiac output |
|
|
Term
The long term (chronic) mechanisms of thiazides are:
Direct vasorelaxant (dec TPR)
dec wall thickness, dec "waterlogging"
dec vascular responsiveness to NE
inc vasodepressor responses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Thiazides are ineffective at low CrCl <30 |
|
Definition
| True. (Except for metolazone) |
|
|
