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| Clinical and counseling Psychologist |
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| No medical training, broader knowledge and usually hospital, clinic or privateate practice |
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| Basic research for enhancing knowledge |
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| use of psychological methods to address problems of an individual or industry (commericals) |
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| founded rationalism (logic and reasoning beliefs).. "I think therefore i Exist" |
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| !7th century philosophical movement, "personal experience was responsible for the development of all thoughts, beliefs and knowledge. |
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| founded british empricism- knowledge only gained by experience |
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| father of psychological science, introduced introspection- (looking within and examining ones experience) |
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| developed functionalism- (the mind can only be understood through the purpose it serves) |
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| propsed psychoanalysis "talking cure" early childhood.. alleviate stress by talking it out and influence of the unconscious |
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| founded behavioralism (idea behavior can be studied empirically).. behavior shaped by experience |
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| developed client centered therapy (each session different) humans have free will to choose actions |
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1. Make an Observation
2. Form Hypothesis
3. Collect Data
4. Analyze data
5. Draw Conclusions |
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| attempts to descrube some individual or group in relation to characteristics of the reader( case study) |
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| probability of someone being selected known, and random |
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| usually correlational or statstc |
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| descriptive and lots of info |
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| /naturalistic observation |
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| systematically observe behavior |
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| nonscience peformed for nonscientific goals, but looks like science appareance |
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| a researcher does not control some extraneous variables that may influence the results |
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| method of study looking assoctiation between 2 or more things |
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| in correlational research, hard to know what made something change |
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| variable researcher didnt account for changes both of the observed variables |
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| change in one variable causes a change in another |
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| participants try to respond accordingly or guess |
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| the desire to please the researcher |
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| ability to apply finding of a study to the outside world |
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Descriptive
Correlational
Experimental |
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D- one or more to study individuals
C-2 or more variables to see if there is relation
M- manipulate one or more IV to see if it has effect on DV |
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| probability relflect actual relationships and not chance |
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| determine probability that results are true and not just chance |
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| first woman APA president |
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| study of the nervous system |
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| communicate to muscles and organs |
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| transmits sensory info to brain |
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| communicate with adjacent neurons |
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| recieve info from other neurons in chemical form |
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| openings in dendrites whihch neuro transmitters bind during the process of neuronal communication |
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| provides energy and removes waste |
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| transmits electrical neural impulses from cell body to terminal |
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| support cells that maintain the nervous system |
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| bundle of axons that forms communication with central nervous system |
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| enclosed bundle of axons outside brain or spine |
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| gap between axons and mylein sheath |
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| chemical communications sent to other neurons |
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| electric impulse that conveys info from one neuron to another |
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| resting potentital of neuron |
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| atomic particle carrying positive or negative charge |
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| balanced positive and negative ions within a neuron |
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| disruption of the balance of ions in a neuron |
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| chemicals that carry singal across to the synapse |
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| the sending neuron in communication |
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| the receiving neuron in neuronal communication |
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| increase given transmitter |
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| decreases effect of neuro transmitter |
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| allows communication with brain and rest of body |
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| (COLLECTS)cell bodies, neurons unmylinated collecting and intregating info |
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| automatic motor actions in reponse to stimulation |
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| central pattern generators |
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| routine movements by spine |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| cranial and spinal nerves that allows communication between brain and body |
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| regulate voluntary actions and convey sensory info to brain |
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| part of peripheral nervous system,regulates involuntary activties muscles glands and organs |
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| sympathetic nervous system |
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| division mobalizes body for arousal usually fear |
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| parasympathetic nervous ystem |
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| returns body to resting state after arousal |
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forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain |
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Fore- percieves sensory info, controls muscle movement, home of thought and memory
Mid- conveys viusal and auditory inf, and movement of eyes
Hindbrain- controls bodily functions like heart rate sneezing and sleeping |
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| system of glands and the hormones they produce |
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| situated in brain regulates sleep and wake cycle releases melatonin |
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| links nervous and endocrine system by controlling release of hormones by pitituary gland |
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| regulates body growth, blood pressure |
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| branch of neuroscience that studies nueral bases of behavior |
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| pseudoscientific theory that proposed that personality characteristics could be determined by skilled examination on top of skull |
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| neuroscientific theory prosposing all parts of cortex contributed equally to all aspects of mind |
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| study for neutral bases for cognition and emotion |
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| debate whether innate biology (nature) or environmental experience (nurture) is the most critical factor in development |
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| the entire set of hereditary instructions encoded in DNA, for creating a human organism |
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| rod like made up of protein and strands of dna |
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| spiral shape with genetic instructions for hereditary in all organisms |
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| strands of dna grouped togeteher |
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| one or two forms of a gene |
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| set of alleles for a specific trait |
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| observable traits of genotypes |
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create proteins
replicate
interact with other genes |
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| statistic estimating genetic influence accounts for degrees of variation |
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| attempt to identify specific genes responsible for differences among people in certain traits |
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| gene environment correlation |
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| when a persons genotype is related to the environment |
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| Active gene environment correlation |
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| moving env. to fit a characteristic or trait |
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| reactive gene-environment correlation |
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| changing in response to others in the environment |
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| gene environment interaction |
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| how a single experience requires a bounce back and how u react |
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| environmental factors how stress is realeased |
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1.theoretically possible for species to grow without limit
2.^ true, but they dont
3.organisms vary in best characteristics will have most offspring
4.offspring resemble parents
5. natural filtering lead to characteristics over time |
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| mental charasteristic evolved through natural selection to provide solutions to specific problems |
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| the mind is large collecting components each of which provides solutions to only specific types of problems |
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| psychological process that are no longer evolutionary and we don't need anymore |
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| short term with as many as possible |
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| long term commited ongoing relationship |
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| Long term mating Investment |
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| much higher woman have the power cause of investment |
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| Sociocultural perspective |
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| approach to psychology that focuses on ways society and culture mold influence and behavior |
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| comparative study as it exists in different cultures |
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| indivudalitty strong and more important |
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| the degree less powerful members accepting their lower roles |
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| streoetypes of male and female |
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degree which a culture will avoid uncertainty
(stress, risk) |
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| desire to ignore ur flaws and think ur a good person |
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| people will work within the role they are given |
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| mate choice based on whats availiable |
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| division of labor based on physical size and patriarchy |
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| fundamental attribution error |
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| to see someones flaws but not realize it could be what they are going through |
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