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College Biology - Chapter 13 - Witters
The "What" of Evolution
35
Biology
12th Grade
04/25/2010

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Term
As rocks get older fossils become _________ _____________ to us.
Definition
more unfamiliar
Term
Who provided the core idea that became the accepted scientific explanation?
Definition
Darwin and Wallace
Term
There is a 'what' and 'how' to evolution, so what is the 'what'?
Definition
All living things decended with modification from one or a few forms.
Term
There is a 'what' and 'how' to evolution, so what is the 'how'?
Definition
Adaptive evolution via natural selection
Term
HISTORY
common origin and natural selection
Definition
1850s
Term
HISTORY
Mendel was refound and applied
Definition
1900 - 1950s
Term
What is Modern Synthesis?
Definition
Darwin + Genes + Math
Term
HISTORY
DNA structure is discovered
Definition
1950s
Term
HISTORY
1960's to Present
Definition
Study proteins and DNA itself
Term
What allows us to infer relationships between species?
Definition
Mutation patterns
Term
Who is Lyell?
Definition
The geologist who realized present processes can explain Earth's surface
Term
What is Uniformitarianism?
Definition
Geological processes that happen slowly and logically to yeild predictable results
Term
How were early estimates of Earth's age determined?
Definition
Careful heat measurements in mines
Term
What is radioactivity used for?
Definition
Dating rocks
Term
Careful measurements of ratio of isotope to its daughter element gives us what?
Definition
An absolute age for the rock
Term
HISTORY
Wegener discovers that the continents fit together like a puzzle
Definition
Early 1900s
Term
HISTORY
Precise mapping of the ocean floor
Definition
1970s
Term
What is the fossil record?
Definition
All known fossils and their chronology
Term
Where does one find fossils?
Definition
In various sedimentary rocks with the older below the younger
Term
What do we know about evolution?
Definition
-Fossils
-Biogeography
-Comparative Anatomy
-Comparative Embryology
-Molecular Biology
Term
Why is the fossil record incomplete?
Definition
-Fossils are rare
-Most rock is buried
-Many remains are partial
Term
What are the best conditions for fossilization?
Definition
O2 poor waters and fine sediments
Term
How do plate tectonics and fossils relate?
Definition
As the plates move the rock is exposed to erosion which reveals the fossils
Term
What is biogeography?
Definition
Geographic distribution of species
Term
What is comparative anatomy?
Definition
Comparison of body structures between different species
Term
What is Homology?
Definition
Simularity due to common ancestry
Term
What do comparisons of homologies reveal?
Definition
Relatedness via branching
Term
What is Comparative Embryology?
Definition
Comparison of structures that appear in development of different species
Term
Close relatives will have simular what?
Definition
Embryos
Term
What is Molecular Biology?
Definition
Comparing DNA and proteins among different organisms
Term
How do you find relatedness between species using molecular biology?
Definition
Shared sequences in genes, regulatory regions and "junk" DNA
Term
What percentage of species are now extinct?
Definition
99%
Term
Most of the species that ever lived are what?
Definition
Very unlike modern species
Term
Who is Lamarck?
Definition
He discovered the inheritance of acquired characteristics
Term
What did Darwin and Wallace do?
Definition
Published the idea explaining life's diversity through evolution via natural selection
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