Term
| What are the uses of critical thinking? (4) |
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Definition
- promotes social change
- reveals non-sense
- uncovers bias and prejudice
- reveals long-term consequences
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Term
| what is critical thinking also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| what skills are needed to accomplish thorough thinking? (5) |
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Definition
1. distinguish between opion and fact
2. ask probing questions
3. make detailed observations
4. uncover assumptions and define terms
5. make assertions based on logic and evidence |
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Term
| what are the 4 questions to ask to become a critical thinker? |
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Definition
1. Why am I considering this issue?
2. What are the various points of view?
3. How well is each view supported?
4. What if I could combine them and make a new view? |
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Term
Why am I considering this issue?
Why is this an important question? (2) |
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Definition
- personal passion and thorough thinking go together
- when making a personal connection aquiring and retaining information increases |
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Term
| what should you do when considering the various points of view? (4) |
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Definition
- take advantage of diversity
- have an open mind
- be willing to form a new point of view
- define key terms upfront
ex. family, justice, peace |
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Term
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Definition
| - key sentence that directly answers a key question |
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Term
| How do you assess: how well is each point of view is supported? (4) |
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Definition
- look for logic and evidence
- assess evidence used to support points
- consider the source
-understand before criticizing |
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Term
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Definition
| - clean, consistent, and coherent statements |
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Term
| how do you consider the source? |
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Definition
- take self-interest into account
ex. president of an oil or tabacco company |
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Term
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Definition
- topics that provoke strong opinions and feelings.
ex. abortion, homosexuality, death penalty |
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Term
| What if I could combine various viewpoints and create a new one? what does this mean? (2) |
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Definition
- no one knows the whole truth of anything
- one view is one approach among many alternatives |
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Term
| How do you create a spreadsheet? (3) |
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Definition
- list names of authorities and self across the top
- list key questions down the left
- state your viewpoint by combining the answers |
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Term
| what is divergent thinking? |
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Definition
- opening up and creating as many solutions as possible
- considering all the options |
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Term
| what is convergent thinking? |
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Definition
- the narrowing down process
(converge, funnel) |
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Term
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Definition
| the burst of creative energy by the arrival of a new, original idea |
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Term
| what are 5 ways to create ideas? |
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Definition
1. conduct a brainstorm
2. focus and let go
3. cultivate creative serendipity
4. create while you sleep
5. create on your feet |
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Term
| what are 5 rules when conducting a brainstorm? |
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Definition
- focus on a single problem
- relax
- set a time limit
- set a quota
- allow all answers |
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Term
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Definition
| - not forcing yourself to be creative |
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Term
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Definition
- the ability to see something valuable that you weren't looking for
ex. penicillin |
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Term
| how do you create while you sleep? |
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Definition
- ask yourself questions before you sleep
- as soon as you wake up start writing or talking
- see if you have answered the question |
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Term
| why is it a good idea to create on your feet? (2) |
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Definition
- stay alert and creative
- increased heart rate and blood flow |
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Term
| what is: jumping to conclusions? |
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Definition
- this fallacy involves drawing conclusions without sufficient evidence
ex. students fail to pay back student loans therefore the loan office denies all student loans |
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Term
when people "attack the person" what are they attempting to do?
example? |
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Definition
- they are attempting to diver attention away from relevant issues.
ex. the politician didn' t attend church every Sunday. |
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Term
what is appealing to authority?
what are they attempting to do?
example? |
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Definition
- try to win confidence by citing authorities
- this is usually a substitute for real evidence
ex. athletes |
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Term
what is pointing to a false cause?
example? |
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Definition
- just because one event follows another doesnt mean there is a cause-and-effect relationship
ex. childrens vocabularies and cavities |
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Term
| what is thinking in all-or-nothing terms? |
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Definition
- means glossing over individual differences
ex. homeless people are lazy and dont want to work |
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Term
what is mean to base arguments on emotions?
example |
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Definition
-staking future on appeals of emotion
ex. politician: flag waving and mom eating apple pie |
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Term
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Definition
states the similarity between two things (ant)
ex.banning pesticide that kills insects is like banning cars because they kill people |
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Term
what is creating a straw man?
example |
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Definition
- attacking ideas that sound like opponents ideas
ex. equal right amendment - abolish seperate mens and ladies bathrooms. |
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Term
what does "begging the question" mean?
how do they do this? |
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Definition
- means fails to answer the question
- use colorful language to gloss over idea that is unclear and unproven |
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Term
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Definition
- statements verified by direct observations or compelling evidence
ex. tax cuts needed to create more jobs |
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Term
| what does it mean to create a red herring? |
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Definition
- means to raise irrelevant issues and send thinking on false trails (hunting)
ex. Barack Obama Hussein related to Saddam Hussein |
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Term
what is appealing to tradition?
example "quote" |
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Definition
- ignoring unsound ideas that have survived centuries
ex. curent beliefs have a long history therefore they are correct |
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Term
what is appealing to the people?
aka? |
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Definition
- ad populum fallacy assuming that popularity, quantity and accuracy are the same.
aka - jumping on the band wagon |
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Term
| what does distract from the real issue mean? |
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Definition
| - make an irrelevant statement and draw a conslusion based on that statement |
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Term
what does slide a slippery slope mean?
ex. |
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Definition
- if one undesired event occurs then far more serious events will follow
ex. if we loose our rights to own guns, we will loose all of our rights. |
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Term
"I dont worry about saving money for the future. I think life is meant to be enjoyed today - not later."
what 2 assumptions are being made? |
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Definition
1. saving $ is not enjoyable
2. we can only enjoy ourselves when we are spending money |
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Term
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Definition
| - thrives on the belief that certain people are inferior or dangerous due to skin color, ethnic background, or sexuality. |
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Term
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Definition
| are specific and lead to focused actions |
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Term
| what do we do when we decide? (2) |
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Definition
- we narrow down
- give up actions that are inconsistent with our decisions. |
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Term
| how do we gain skills at decision making? (3) |
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Definition
1. establish priorities
2. base decisions on life plan
3. balance reflection with action and thinking with experience |
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Term
| what is the difference between decide and choose? |
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Definition
- derived from homicide and suicide means it kills other options
synonym means the same or nearly the same meaning
- means preference for 1 option over the other but option remains alive for the future |
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Term
| what are the 4 ways to solve problems? |
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Definition
1. define problem
2. generate possibilities
3. create a plan
4. perform plan |
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