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Cognitive Science
Last of the Readings
40
Other
Undergraduate 2
11/20/2008

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Term
People use more words to describe false memories over true memories. (TRUE/FALSE)
Definition
FALSE
Term
In Hyman et al.'s study, parents supplied true memories about an event their child experiences. Tested as adults, the subjects recalled more (FALSE EVENTS/TRUE EVENTS/FALSE AND TRUE EVENTS) with repeated interviewing.
Definition
FALSE AND TRUE EVENTS
Term
Memories are more easily modified soon after they are experienced. (TRUE/FALSE)
Definition
FALSE
Term
Subjects asked to imagine an event or episode that did not occur are more likely to form a false memory of the event. This phenomenon is referred to as ________________.
Definition
IMAGINATION INFLATION
Term
The above (imagination inflation) phenomenon may be caused by __________________ which occurs when the source of a memory and its contents are confused.
Definition
SOURCE CONFUSION ERRORS
Term
The reason adults cannot remember episodes from the first year of their life is that the ______________, a part of the brain involved in memory, is not sufficiently mature.
Definition
HIPPOCAMPUS
Term
Creation of false memories occurs most easily when these 3 external factors are present:
Definition
1) When researchers exert some pressure on participants to come up with memories
2) When people are having trouble remembering and are encouraged to imagine
3) When encouraged not to think whether their constructions are real or not.
Term
Perhaps the most intriguing brain anomaly suffered by Kim, the savant described in this article, is that he was born without a ___________, a brain structure which neuroscientists joke has only two main functions, propagation of seizures and holding the brain together.
Definition
CORPUS CALLOSUM
Term
Kim's brain also shows anomalies in the (RIGHT/LEFT) hemisphere.
Definition
LEFT
Term
________________ is a term that refers to a savant's ability to memorize large quantities of text without understanding.
Definition
VERBAL ADHESION
Term
Why do cognitive scientists choose the domain of chess to study expertise?
Definition
Because the skill can be broken down into components, it can be measured, subjected to laboratory experiments and readily observed in its natural environment.
Term
DeGroot found that experts examined (MORE/LESS/THE SAME) amount of possible moves as weaker players did.
Definition
MORE
Term
A main thesis of this argument made by the Ross is that experts have:
(a) stronger powers of analysis
(b) a better store of structured knowledge
(c) both a and b.
Definition
B
Term
Grand masters (DO/DO NOT) do better than other in general tests of memory.
Definition
DO NOT
Term
The fact that it is possible to distract experts while they play chess is evidence that ________________ cannot completely explain their impressive performance at chess.
Definition
CHUNKING THEORY
Term
Brain imaging studies show that expert players show greater activation of ____________ memory than novices.
Definition
LONG-TERM
Term
There is a general agreement that ________ is needed for prodigies to build the expert knowledge structures needed for mastery of their domains.
Definition
TIME AND EFFORT
Term
In Freud's view, mental illness results when _________ fails.
Definition
REPRESSION
Term
Cognitive neuroscientists delineate different memory systems that process memories ________ and _______ as stand-ins for the Freudian terms conscious and unconscious processes.
Definition
EXPLICITLY; IMPLICITLY
Term
LeDoux's found a pathway connecting perceptual information with primitive brain structures important for generating fear responses. This pathway bypasses the ____________ which generates conscious memories.
Definition
HIPPOCAMPUS
Term
LeDoux's found a pathway connecting perceptual information with primitive brain structures important for generating fear responses. This pathway bypasses the ____________ which generates conscious memories.
Definition
HIPPOCAMPUS
Term
The above path (which connects perceptual information with primitive brain structures) may explain:
Definition
CONSCIOUS FEELINGS THAT SEEM IRRATIONAL
Term
According to this author, what is the cause of infantile amnesia.
Definition
BRAIN STRUCTURES ESSENTIAL FOR FORMING CONSCIOUS MEMORIES ARE NOT FUNCTIONAL DURING THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF LIFE.
Term
According to this author, why does infantile amnesia not mean that early experiences do not affect us in ways that fundamentally shape our future personality and mental health.
Definition
BECAUSE THE PATTERN OF BRAIN CONNECTIONS ARE INFLUENCED IN WAYS THAT FUNDAMENTALLY CHANGE OUR FUTURE PERSONALITIES AND MENTAL HEALTH
Term
What mechanism from studies of split brain patients, does Solms consider as an explanation for the "repression"/rationalization offered by anosognosic patients in response to the consequences of their unacknowledged impairments?
Definition
THE LEFT HEMISPHERE EMPLOYS FREDIAN "MECHANISMS OF DEFENSE"
Term
Damage to the frontal limbic regions of the brain causes confabulations. It follows that frontal limbic regions may be involved in what cognitive function?
Definition
UNDERPINS NORMAL REALITY MONITORING; RELEASES FROM INHIBITION THE IMPLICIT WISHFUL INFLUENCES ON PERCEPTION, MEMORY AND JUDGMENT; CONTROLS CRITICAL ASPECTS OF SELF-AWARENESS
Term
What four "drive systems" have neuroscientists proposed based on lesion studies, the effects of drugs and artificial stimulation of the brain?
Definition
"SEEKING AND REWARD" "ANGER-RAGE" "FEAR-ANXIETY" AND "PANIC"
Term
The relationship between neurochemistry and the "reward" system has been demonstrated most convincingly in studying:
Definition
CRAVING AND ADDICTION
Term
Name one objection of Hobson to the return of "Freudian" influences in understanding dreams.
Definition
DREAM BIZARRENESS STEMS FROM NORMAL CHANGES IN BRAIN STATES CAUSED BY CHEMICAL MECHANISMS IN THE BRAIN STEM, WHICH SHIFT THE ACTIVATION OF VARIOUS REGIONS OF THE CORTEX NOT BY FREUD'S SYMBOLIC DISGUISE AND CENSORSHIP
Term
Asking for something really big or burdensome first, and then asking for something smaller, after the person declines, generally proves more successful for eliciting compliance. This is the principle of:
Definition
RECIPROCATION
Term
Tupperware's use of home parties to sell Tupperware is an example of:
Definition
LIKING
Term
Informing people high school students about to high rates of suicide is a misapplication of the principle of:
Definition
SOCIAL VALIDATION
Term
Showing potential donors a list of neighbors who have contributed previously to a charity is an example of:
Definition
SOCIAL VALIDATION
Term
Using the actor Robert Young, who played a much respected doctor on a long-running TV series, to promote the health benefits of decaffeinated coffee is an example of:
Definition
AUTHORITY
Term
Using the actor Robert Young, who played a much respected doctor on a long-running TV series, to promote the health benefits of decaffeinated coffee is an example of:
Definition
AUTHORITY
Term
Limited time only offers are an example of:
Definition
SCARCITY
Term
The sending out of personalized address labels with a request for a donation is an example of:
Definition
RECIPROCATION
Term
Rephrasing "Please call if you change your plans" to "Will you please call if you change your plans" is an example of:
Definition
CONSISTENCY
Term
According to the author, the best way to protect yourself from being manipulated by these techniques is to.....
Definition
ONLY ACT ON PERSUASION PROFESSIONAL'S ADVICE WHEN THEY HAVE ACTED TRUTHFULLY IN THE PROCESS. ALLOW OURSELVES TO BE INFORMED INTO SAYING YES.
Term
Cultural differences played a different role in the US, Germany, China and Spain. Match the tendencies that dominated when granting a request to the nationalities (liking-friendship/reciprocity/authority/consistency)
Definition
LIKING-FRIENDSHIP SPAIN; RECIPROCITY US; AUTHORITY CHINA; CONSISTENCY GERMAN
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