transduction

convert stimulus energy into neural impulses

sensory energy-->

sensory systems-->

transduction-->

attention

iconic sensory store

vision (perception of people moving in a movie)

echoic sensory store

sound (say what? then understand after soak it all in)

persistence of vision

stimulus isnt really moving, but brain provides frams (memory storage)

subliminal semantic priming

prime stimulus put on screen really fast

a couple seconds later, a target stimulus is placed on screen

subject asked to make a judgment of some kind, and reaction time is recorded.

shows subliminal priming does work

3 factors that effect whether person hears a sound or not

1. Expectation - when it starts low and gets higher, it takes longer. when it starts high adn gets low, takes longer before they admit they cant hear anything.
2. Response strategy - how people interpret instructions.
3. Consequence of response - think: soldiers standing at a radar scope

Signal detection theory

applies to any decision-making situation with any level of uncertainty

Elements:

1. Sensitivity (physical)
2. Response bias (non-sensory factors)

Study:

• Signal trials
• No-signal trials

Lesson: the same event doesn't always elicit the same psychological response

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psychophysics

studies relationship between physical events and psychological response

threshold

minimum amount of energy required for a conscious sensation

method of limits

experimental technique for measuring sensory threshold

shadowed message/

dichotic listening

not well remembered

"in the ear and out the pen"

Broadbent's filter theory

found that nature of auditory input effects how well we listen

automaticity

perceptual information we can process easily, like basic sounds and reading (could be more difficult but highly practiced)

Sperling: Partial report method

1960 - ICONIC MEMORY

think: graph with numbers in rows and columns

we remember it all, but we can't hold it all for very long....we can choose what to recall

**similar to dot pattern test**

computational brain

we use it to...

1. perceive information about environment
2. attend to the world
3. process information during initial stages

sensation vs. perception

sensation: initial detection of energy from physical world

perception: interpretation of sensory input

*we don't sense everything, and we perceive even less*

epistemology

the study of the origin and nature of knowlege

perceptual span

how much we can experience at a brief exposure

iconic and echoic "memory"